1. History 171D The United States and the World Since 1945

2. The Korean War and the Anticommunist Witch Hunts

3. Joseph Stalin

4. Berlin crisis, 1948-1949 1948-1949—US and Britain airlifted supplies into West Berlin

5. Berlin crisis, 1948-1949 May 1949—Stalin lifted blockade

6. Long-term division of Germany and Berlin Berlin crisis, 1948-1949

7. 1949—US, Britain, France, Canada, Italy, and several other Western European nations formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

8. US Occupation of Japan 1945-1947—General Douglas McArthur instituted democratization and land reform on Japan, started to break up industrial monopolies (zaibatsu)

9. US Occupation of Japan 1947—McArthur took “reverse course” and ended reform effort; US instead sought to build Japan up as Cold War ally MacArthur and Japanese Emperor Hirohito

10. Truman and Marshall

12. Three shocks of 1949-1950:

13. Shock #1: The “Loss” of China, 1949 Chiang Kai-shek Three shocks of 1949-1950: Mao Tse-tung

14. Shock #1: The “Loss” of China, 1949 Three shocks of 1949-1950:

15. Secretary of State Dean Acheson

16. Shock #2: Soviet detonation of atom bomb Three shocks of 1949-1950:

17. NSC-68 spring 1950

18. Shock #3: Korean War Three shocks of 1949-1950:

19. Since 1945 Korea had been divided at 38th Parallel; Syngman Rhee (pro-US) in South, Kim Il Sung (pro-Soviet) in North

22. Approached Mao Tse-tung Spring 1950—Kim Il-sung sought to reunify Korea under his control

23. Approached Mao Tse-tung Spring 1950—Kim Il-sung sought to reunify Korea under his control... and Stalin

24. June 1950—North Korean forces attacked across 38th Parallel

25. Truman’s response:

26. Got UN Security Council to pass resolution authorizing use of force Truman’s response:

27. Got UN Security Council to pass resolution authorizing use of force Launched multi-nation military effort to repel North Korean attack Truman’s response:

28. Got UN Security Council to pass resolution authorizing use of force Launched multi-nation military effort to repel North Korean attack Signed off on NSC-68 Truman’s response:

29. Gen. Douglas MacArthur

31. Fall 1950—US/UN forces gained initiative and pushed North Korean forces back above 38th Parallel, approaching Chinese border

32. Fall 1950—MacArthur convinced Truman North Korean regime could and should be destroyed

33. Fall-winter 1950—Chinese forces crossed Yalu River, dealing disastrous defeat to US/UN forces

34. Early 1951— US/UN forces pushed their way back up to 38th Parallel

35. 1951—Truman relieved MacArthur of command, sought truce in war

36. Anti-Truman cartoon, 1951

38. 1952 Presidential Election Dwight D. Eisenhower

39. 1952 Presidential Election Dwight D. Eisenhower Adlai Stevenson

40. Red Scare 1947—House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) investigated “Hollywood Ten”

41. 1947—Truman launched federal loyalty program Executive Order 9835

42. Whittaker Chambers Alger Hiss 1948—HUAC targeted Alger Hiss

43. Richard M. Nixon

45. Senator Joseph McCarthy

46. Not the same! Douglas MacArthurJoseph McCarthy

47. Early 1950—McCarthy accused Truman administration of harboring communists

48. McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated

49. McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated — 79 Terminated

50. McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated — 79 Terminated ______________________________________________________ =205 Communists in State Department

51. McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated — 79 Terminated ______________________________________________________ =205 Communists in State Department

53. 1950—Ethel and Julius Rosenberg accused of spying

54. 1953—Both Rosenbergs executed

55. Eisenhower and Marshall

57. 1954—Army-McCarthy Hearings were televised, causing McCarthy to lose public support

58. Joe Welch vs. Joe McCarthy

59. 1954—Senate censured McCarthy, effectively ending his career