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Why do we read nonfiction?
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What jumps out at you when you see nonfiction?
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External Text Structures
Visual organizational tools used by writers to help make non-fiction easier to comprehend
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Remember… T H I e V E S itle eadings Ntroductions & Italics
Very first sentence Isuals and vocabulary Nding questions ummary
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Title & Subtitle Purpose: Activate Prior Knowledge & Tell you what the text is about Title - Does this title activate prior knowledge & tell you what the text is about? Subtitle – Does this subtitle further explain the title?
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Headings & Subheadings
Purpose: Tells you what the section is about Heading - Does this heading tell you what the section is about? Subheadings – Do the subheadings break down the information from the heading?
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Introduction & Italics or Bold
Purpose: Tell the reader what the story will be about and draw attention to the text. Introduction- Does this introduction tell you what the section is about? Italics or bold – Does the bold font draw your attention?
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Every First Sentence Purpose: Often the main idea is in the very first sentence First Sentence- Does this first sentence tell you the main idea?
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Visuals & Vocabulary Purpose: Visual representation of concepts
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Ending Questions Purpose: Read these first to set a purpose for reading Ending Questions –What should you be looking for as you read?
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Summarize Purpose: Combine the main ideas of the text.
Avoid unnecessary information Avoid repeats Avoid using line-for-line quotations
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Footnotes and annotations
Text Feature Purpose Example Titles Tells you what the text is about See article example. Subtitles Further explains the title Headings Brief phrase that tells what the section is about; usually bolder and larger font See textbook example. Subheadings Breaks down information under heading; usually bold font and smaller than heading font Indentation Helps break up text; shows you there is a new paragraph or long quote See article example. Sidebars Information next to text; highlights main point and asks during-reading questions Graphics Visual representations of concepts or data charts, diagrams graphic art Photographs Visual representations of concepts photographs of accompanying people, places, and things Illustrations drawings Captions Explain illustrations, graphics, photographs Italics Draws attention; indicates titles The Dark Knight Bold or colored print Calls attention to vocabulary and important points The rowdy crowd dispersed after police action. Underlining Draws attention to important points Sit at your desk. Follow the directions. Footnotes and annotations Gives credit to sources; provides explanations
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Title Subtitle Indentation Graphic Heading Photograph Subheading
1 Subtitle Indentation Graphic Heading Photograph Subheading Caption Sidebar Footnote 1 William Shakespeare is argued to be the best playwright to ever live.
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