1. Thursday, November 21 st, 2013 Daily Objective: By the end of today, you should be able to… Describe the parts of an atomatom Provide an example of and explain the different types of atomic bonds Entrance Task: Please have your book open to page 32 and look at the picture… What makes up this polar bear’s habitat?

2. Pre-reading Read through and outline Read through and outline – pg. 34 “Atoms”

3. 2-1 The Nature of Matter All Things in Life are made of Matter All Things in Life are made of Matter Matter is composed of Atoms Matter is composed of Atoms Each Atom is composed of Each Atom is composed of –Protons –Neutrons –Electrons

4. 2-1 The Nature of Matter A chemical element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom. A chemical element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.

5. 2-1 The Nature of Matter But there can be different forms of each element… We call those Isotopes But there can be different forms of each element… We call those Isotopes » CARBON-14, URANIUM-238, RADON-222 Different Elements can be put together to make compounds. Different Elements can be put together to make compounds. – H2O, NaCl There are different ways to Bond elements together. There are different ways to Bond elements together. – Ionic and Covalent

6. Friday, November 22 nd, 2013 Daily Objective: By the end of today, you should be able to… YOU DO NOT NEED TO REWRITE THESE TODAY Describe the parts of an atomatom Provide an example of and explain the different types of atomic bonds Entrance Task: Without using your vocab flipper, describe the parts of the atom. You can use a picture to help you explain if you need to.

8. Sodium atom (Na)Chlorine atom (Cl)Sodium ion (Na + )Chloride ion (Cl - ) Transfer of electron Protons +11 Electrons -11 Charge 0 Protons +17 Electrons -17 Charge 0 Protons +11 Electrons -10 Charge +1 Protons +17 Electrons -18 Charge -1 Ionic Bonding

10. Covalent Bonding

11. Van der Waals Forces

12. Monday, December 1 st, 2014 Please HAVE OUT YOUR HOMEWORK! Daily Objective: By the end of today, you should be able to… 1.To identify and explain the important properties of water 2.Explain why a solution is considered acidic or basic Entrance Task: Read through the tech and bio section on page 39 and answer the question in your notebook

13. 2-2 Properties of Water Water is one of the items that life is based on, on this planet. Water is one of the items that life is based on, on this planet. The Water Molecule’s Shape is unique and gives it unique properties. The Water Molecule’s Shape is unique and gives it unique properties.

14. Water is a polar molecule meaning that the two ends of the molecule have opposite charges

15. Cohesion: attraction between molecules of the same type

16. Adhesion: attraction between molecules of different substances

17. Solutions and Suspensions Mixtures (2 types): Physically mixed but not chemically combined Mixtures (2 types): Physically mixed but not chemically combined 1.Solutions: All components are evenly distributed 2.Suspensions: The movement of water keeps small particles suspended Ex: Blood is a mixture of water with some dissolved compounds and some un dissolved cells and particles

18. What is a solvent? What is a solute? Give an example of each…

19. Water Makes up a large part of living matter. Makes up a large part of living matter. It is one of the most important compounds in living things. It is one of the most important compounds in living things. In order for substances to be used in cells, they have to be dissolved in water. In order for substances to be used in cells, they have to be dissolved in water.

20. Self-Quiz 1. What is the name of a positively charge subatomic particle? 2.What is the name of a negatively charged subatomic particle? 3.This type of bond involves a sharing of electrons. (Ionic or covalent) 4.A charged atom is called 5.A water molecule is described as ________ because it has a positive and a negative portion 6.Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of ___________ (The same type or different types)

21. Tuesday, December 2 nd, 2014 Daily objective: By the end of today I should be able to… Describe and provide an example of the relationship of monomers to polymers Describe and provide an example of the relationship of monomers to polymers List the functions of the major biological molecules List the functions of the major biological molecules Entrance Task: Please grab a pre-test off of the first counter and glue it into your notebook. Do not start it yet please…

22. Acids and Bases Ion – a charged particle like OH- or H+ Water can react to form these ions Q: Why do we care about this and what does this have to do with acids and bases?

23. Acids and Bases Acids contain a higher concentration of H+ ions than pure water Bases contain a higher concentration of OH- ions than pure water PAGE 43

24. 2-2 Properties of Water Water is also how we define what is an Acid or a Base. Water is also how we define what is an Acid or a Base. Water has a pH of 7 which is Neutral. Water has a pH of 7 which is Neutral. Anything below 7 is an acid. Anything below 7 is an acid. Anything above 7 is a base. Anything above 7 is a base. See Page 43, Fig 2-10 See Page 43, Fig 2-10

25. Meros part Mono single Polus many GREEK LESSON OF THE DAY

26. Monomer Polymer

27. 4 groups of organic compounds: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids

28. CRASH COURSE You are what you eat... You are what you eat... You are what you eat... You are what you eat...

30. Wednesday, December 3 rd, 2014 Daily objective: By the end of today I should be able to… Describe the monomers that make up each macromolecule Describe the monomers that make up each macromolecule Entrance Task: Please have out your homework and open your book to page 45. Read the section on carbon, then answer the following question: What makes carbon “special” in the chemistry world?

31. Inorganic Compounds  Compounds that do not contain carbon.  Example: H 2 O

32. Organic Compounds Compounds containing carbon. Compounds containing carbon. -4 Valence Electrons Can bond to other carbon atoms to form chains Organic compounds make up foods and cell membranes. Organic compounds make up foods and cell membranes.

33. Self check… o Review your monomer to polymer notes from yesterday. o What is polymerization? o Answer in your notebook, without using the words monomer or polymer.

34. Direction Strategy. o Packet underline and handout…

35. Carbohydrates o Composition: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen o Hydrated Carbon… o Examples: Sugars, Starches and Cellulose o Function: Supply quick energy to cells o Location in the cells: Cell Membranes

36. What are the monomers? What is the polymer?

37. Glucose monosaccharide It is an example of a monosaccharide Which is a single sugar Which is a single sugar The main form of energy used by our body. The main form of energy used by our body. It is the product of photosynthesis. It is the product of photosynthesis.

38. Thursday, December 4 th, 2014 Daily objective: By the end of today I should be able to… You do not need to write this today Describe the monomers that make up each macromolecule Describe the monomers that make up each macromolecule Entrance Task: YOU MUST HAVE YOUR BOOK TODAY Although you do not need to write the answer to this question, be prepared to answer it and have your packet out. 1. What are the 4 macromolecules of life? 2. Describe a new example of monomers linking to form a polymer.

39. Now you try…

40. Lipids Composition: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Composition: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Examples: Fats, Oils, Steroids and Waxes Examples: Fats, Oils, Steroids and Waxes Function: Store and release large amounts of energy Function: Store and release large amounts of energy Location in the cells: Cell membrane (made up of two lipid layers) Location in the cells: Cell membrane (made up of two lipid layers) Glycerol combined with a fatty acid Glycerol combined with a fatty acid

41. Glycerol Fatty Acids Saturated vs Unsaturated….. What’s the difference?

42. Nucleic Acids Composition: Carbon, Hydrogen, Composition: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Oxygen, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Made up of Made up of nucleotides 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.Examples: DNA and RNA DNA and RNA Function: Store important Function: Store important information in the form of a code (DNA and RNA)

43. Location in the cells: Location in the cells: DNA is found in the nucleus, chromosomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts. DNA is found in the nucleus, chromosomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts. RNA is found in the cytoplasm. RNA is found in the cytoplasm. NUCLEIC ACIDS

44. Monday, December 8 th, 2014 Daily objective: By the end of today I should be able to… Explain the procedure of tomorrow’s lab Explain the procedure of tomorrow’s lab Describe the function of enzymes. Describe the function of enzymes. Entrance Task: Please grab a lab handout from the counter by the tree…. Read through the lab and write down 1 question that you have about the lab

45. Well #1 Well #2 Well #3 ?

46. Organic Compound Well 1 (-) (Water) Well 2 (+) (Known) Well 3 (unknown) Result of unknown Fats/oils Sugar Protein Starch If I test my unknown for fats and oils, then I predict it will test +/- because….

47. IMPORTANT DATES Today: macromolecule packet due Homework: ENZYMES Tuesday: Lab (wear appropriate attire!) Wednesday: Review and lab wrap up Thursday: Test on Chapter 2

48. Proteins (“Building Blocks” of the cell) Composition: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen Composition: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen Examples : Enzymes Examples : Enzymes Function: Control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. They also transport substances into or out of the cell. Function: Control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. They also transport substances into or out of the cell. Location in the cells: Scattered throughout cell membranes Location in the cells: Scattered throughout cell membranes

49. PROTEINS Proteins are made up smaller molecules called amino acids. Proteins are made up smaller molecules called amino acids. Amino group (-NH2) Amino group (-NH2) Carboxyl group (-COOH) Carboxyl group (-COOH) ALL THE AMINO ACIDS CAN BE JOINED TOGETHER!!

50. Self Check… Match the monomers and polymers  Nucleic Acids  Proteins  Carbohydrates  Lipids  Fatty Acids  Amino Acids  Nucleotides  Simple sugars

51. 2-4 Chem Rxns and Enzymes Everything that happens within an organism is based on chemical reactions Reactants Products Reactants Products Enter into the chemical reaction Produced by the chemical reaction

52. Reactions Break and Make Chemical Bonds. Reactants Products Example: carbon dioxide in your blood CO 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3

53. 2-4 Chem Rxns and Enzymes Some reactions happen spontaneously, but some require energy Some reactions happen spontaneously, but some require energy – Activation Energy – Exothermic Reactions Exothermic ReactionsExothermic Reactions – Endothermic Reactions Endothermic ReactionsEndothermic Reactions

54. Exothermic reactions RELEASE ENERGY IN THE FORM OF Heat Light Sound

55. Endothermic reactions Take in energy meaning that the products have more energy than the reactants

56. Activation energy

57. “Some chemical reactions that make life possible are too slow or have activation energies that are too high to make them practical for living tissues” –pg. 52 CATALYST!! Speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering a reaction’s activation energy SOLUTIONSOLUTION

58. Enzymes help reactions get over the “hump” of Activation Energy. Enzymes help reactions get over the “hump” of Activation Energy.

59. Enzyme Substrate Complex Enzymes: Enzymes: – Provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react. SUBSTRATES Reactants of an enzyme catalyzed reaction are known as SUBSTRATES – Can also help to digest food and break down proteins