1. © 2001 by Jones and Bartlett Publishers

2. A. A Brief Survey of Microorganisms

3. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Prokaryotes - “Primitive nucleus” No contained nucleus, no organized organelles. Examples: Bacteria and cyanobacteria Eukaryotes - “True nucleus” Have a nucleus and organelles. Examples: Animal, plant, protozoan, and fungal cells.

4. A Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell

5. Bacteria on Cheek Cells! Note the size difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes!

6. Bacteria - Latin for “staff” or “rod” Many are helpful to humans and the environment Some are infectious Found almost everywhere Most abundant organisms on the planet Bacillus

7. Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, and Mycoplasmas Rickettsiae - tiny bacteria. Cause of rocky mt. Spotted fever and typhus Chlamydiae - cause chlamydia Mycoplasmas - the smallest bacteria, no cell walls, cause a type of pneumonia Ticks are the vector for RMSF

8. Cyanobacteria Also called “blue- green algae Prokaryotes that photosynthesize May be unicellular or filamentous Contribute to algal “blooms” Blue-green algae undergoing conjugation

9. Stromatolites

10. Protozoa -single celled eukaryotes Some can photosynthesize Many have flagella Some are pathogenic - giardiasis, amoebic dysentary,malaria, trichomoniasis. See pg 62

11. Fungi - eukaryotic heterotrophs Do not photosynthesize Important in decomposition Includes yeasts, molds, mushrooms some are pathogenic - athlete’s foot, cryptococcosis Blue penicillin mold

12. Unicellular Algae Diatoms - eukaryotic and photosynthetic,they are an important food source in oceans. Also form silicon dioxide. Dinoflagellates - amoebas encased in hard shells. Some are pathogenic - the D.F. Pfiesteria causes memory loss, skin rash, and difficulty breathing

14. Viruses - non-living infectious agents Need to infect living cells to replicate Much smaller than any bacteria Destroy tissues as infectious agents: influenza, AIDS, hepatitis, herpes, rabies, and chicken- pox. See pg 65

15. B. General Properties of Microorganisms

16. Properties of Microorganisms All living microorganisms have a scientific name. Binomial Nomenclature - Genus species name. Example: Bacillus subtillis

17. The Five Kingdoms All living microorganisms belong to one of the five kingdoms Bacteria and cyanobacteria - Monera Protozoa - Protista Fungi - Fungi

18. The Three Domains

20. Size Comparisons of Microbes

21. C. Microscopy

22. Light Microscopy A compound microscope is used to view objects Oil-immersion microscopy is used to magnify object even greater

23. Parts of a Microscope

24. Light Microscopy with a compound microscope Onion cells - notice the cell walls and green chloroplasts

25. Staining Bacteria - crystal violet, methylene blue, and gram stain

26. Bacteria under the light microscope Gram Stain

27. Fluorescence Microscopy Sample is coated with a fluorescent dye, and then illuminated with a ultraviolet light Shows specific cellular structures Bright field microscopy compared to fluorescence microscopy

28. Eukaryotic cells stained for their nucleus and microtubules Eukaryotic cells stained for their endoplasmic reticuli

29. More fluorescent microscopy Eukaryotic cells triple-stained to show the nucleus (blue), the endoplasmic reticulum (red), and microtubules (green)

30. Electron Microscopy Images created by electrons reflecting off of or passing through organisms Scanning electron microscope - gives a surface view Transmission E.M. - gives views of thin slices SEM of an insect’s head

31. Transmission E.M. Images

32. More Scanning Electron Images SEM of bacteria SEM of blood cells

33. More SEM Microscopy This is an SEM of adipose tissue (fat cells). Notice the color enhancement

34. Be prepared for a test over chapters 1 and 3 Don’t forget to check out the website http://microbiology.jbpub.com for online quizzes to help you study!!