1. Conditionals

2. Conditions Conditions There are two parts to a conditional sentence: an if-clause (protasis) and a main clause (apodosis). Si amica es, bene est. If you are my friend, it is good. (protasis)(apodosis)

3. Simple Conditions (based on fact)  If (present indicative), (present indicative) If Fannia vult valere, quiescere debet. If Fannia wants to get well, she ought to rest.  If (future indicative), (future indicative) If Trimalchio cenam dabit, omnes adesse volent. If Trimalchio gives a dinner, everyone will want to be there. (note future in “if clause” is translated as a present)

4. Simple Conditions (cont.)  If (future perfect indicative), (future indicative) If Valerius mortua erit, Cornelia maxime dolebit. If Valerius dies (will have died), Cornelia will be very sad. The future tense is used in the protasis when the action is happening at the SAME TIME as the action in the main clause. The future perfect tense is used in the protasis when the action is happening BEFORE the main action.

5. Imaginary or Contrary-to-Fact Conditions Contrary to Fact Conditions Referring to the Past use the PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE in the protasis and the apodosis. Si Caesar in Gallia fuisset, bellum gessisset. If Caesar had been in Gaul, he would have waged war. had, would have

6. Imaginary/Contrary to Fact Contrary to Fact conditions that refer to the present use the IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE in the protasis and apodosis. Si Mater Sexti viveret, Sextus laetissimus esset. If Sextus’ mother were alive, Sextus would be very happy. were, would

7. Imaginary/Contrary to Fact Imaginary subjunctives that refer to the future use the PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE in both the protasis and the apodosis. Si Fannia moriatur, Pliny maxime doleat. If Fannia were to/should die, Pliny would be very sad. were to/should, would