1. Navigation
NAU 102
Lesson 23

2. Piloting Procedures
Careful preparation and detailed planning is necessary.
Always use the largest scale chart available.
Corrected up to the latest Notice to Mariners

3. Piloting Procedures
Careful preparation and detailed planning is necessary.
Highlight navigation hazards
Mark the minimum depth contour.
Minimum Depth = Ship’s Draft – Height of Tide + Safety Margin.

4. Piloting Procedures
Minimum Depth = Ship’s Draft – Height of Tide + Safety Margin.
Example:
Minimum Depth = 16 ft – 2 ft + 6 ft.
Minimum Depth = 20 ft.

5. Highlight navigation aids Visual navigation aids
Piloting Procedures
Highlight navigation aids
Visual navigation aids
Radar navigation aids

6. Plot and label the track line
Piloting Procedures
Plot and label the track line

7. Piloting Procedures Determine wheel-over points
Bear Rock
Bad Rock
Ships don’t make sharp turns despite what the DR plot looks like.
WP 10

8. Piloting Procedures Important Terms
Advance - the distance gained in the original direction until the vessel steadies on her new course.
Transfer - the distance gained at right angles to the original course, measured from the line representing the original direction of travel to the point of completion of the turn.

9. Right 15° rudder, steady course 075°
Piloting Procedures
Transfer
Steady on course 075°
Advance
Right 15° rudder, steady course 075°

10. Piloting Procedures Ship Maneuvering Characteristics
Determined during sea trials
Required to be posted on the bridge.

11. Maneuvering Characteristics
Data is tabulated
Angle of Turn
Advance
Transfer
15°
500 38
105°
993
833
30°
680
100
120°
933
1013
45°
827
207
135°
1140
60°
940
347
150°
687
1247
75°
1007
513
165°
533
1413
90°
1020
180°
367
1500

12. Danger Bearings

13. Wheel-over point When should I turn? Angle of turn = 45°
Chap Rock
Angle of Turn
Advance
Transfer
45°
827
207
C - 050°
Step 1 – Draw a line parallel to the original course at a distance equal to the transfer
C - 005°
207 yds

14. Wheel-over point When should I turn? Angle of turn = 45°
Kasper Rock
Angle of Turn
Advance
Transfer
45°
827
207
C - 050°
827 yds
Step 2 – Measure along the line the distance of the advance, starting from the point the line intersected the new course.
C - 005°

15. Step 3 – Draw a perpendicular line to your course line
Wheel-over point
When should I turn?
Angle of turn = 45°
Chris Rock
Angle of Turn
Advance
Transfer
45°
827
207
C - 050°
827 yds
Step 3 – Draw a perpendicular line to your course line
Wheel-over point
C - 005°

16. Wheel-over point Actual path of travel Wheel-over point Durnan’s Rock

17. Turn Bearing
A bearing of a prominent navaid that indicates the vessel is at the wheel-over point.
Starnitzky Rock
C - 050°
TB - 070°T
Wheel-over point
C - 005°

18. Turn Range
The range to a prominent navaid that indicates the vessel is at the wheel-over point.
The Rock
C - 050°
TR nm
Wheel-over point
C - 005°

19. Piloting Procedures
Plot danger bearings

20. Danger Bearings
A line drawn from a prominent feature through the point of danger.
C - 060°
Submerged Rock +
Bearings are labeled Not More Than (NMT)
or Not Less Than (NLT)
NLT 030°T
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C - 010°

21. Introduction to Navigation
Questions?