1. SHADING AND SHADOWS Light Source - Where the light in the picture comes from (the sun, a lamp, a candle). Can be seen by what parts of the objects are the brightest and have the lightest values.

2. Value? The relative lightness or darkness of a hue, or of a neutral varying from white to black.

3. Highlight - the lightest part of the object. Where the light source hits it hardest. Middle Tones - The other values between the highlight and the shadows. Shadow - The darkest part of the object that is apparent on a surface and the reflected form that represents the body which intercepts the rays of light

5. SHADING TECHNIQUES -Blending with your finger, rag or blending stump -Blending and erasing with a kneaded eraser -Heavy marks versus light marks