1. Open Source Geospatial Geographic Data Technology Barry Rowlingson School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University

2. Data Software is useless without data

3. The Earth Is Not Flat This may not come as a shock to most of you

4. Latitude

5. Latitude-Latitude

6. Latitude-Longitude

7. The Earth is Not a Sphere You probably knew this too

8. Not as much as this Asteroid Ida

9. My Earth is not Your Earth Nobody can agree on how not-spherical the earth is. N S

10. Disagreements Where is the North Pole anyway?

11. Disagreements Or how to measure latitude O N S ab

12. Meridian

13. Disagreements jcohen, flickr

14. Greenwich

15. Nothing is fixed anyway

16. EPSG

17. EPSG Database http://www.epsg-registry.org/

18. Projections

19. WKT from the OGC Open Standard from the OGC Text format specifying coordinate systems and projections And lots of other things...

20. COMPD_CS["OSGB36 / British National Grid + ODN", PROJCS["OSGB 1936 / British National Grid", GEOGCS["OSGB 1936", DATUM["OSGB_1936", SPHEROID["Airy 1830",6377563.396,299.3249646,AUTHORITY["EPSG","7001"]], TOWGS84[375,-111,431,0,0,0,0], AUTHORITY[["EPSG","6277"]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]], UNIT["DMSH",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9108"]], AXIS["Lat",NORTH], AXIS["Long",EAST], AUTHORITY[["EPSG","4277"]], PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"], PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",49], PARAMETER["central_meridian",-2], PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.999601272], PARAMETER["false_easting",400000], PARAMETER["false_northing",-100000], UNIT["metre",1,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]], AXIS["E",EAST], AXIS["N",NORTH], AUTHORITY[["EPSG","27700"]], VERT_CS["Newlyn", VERT_DATUM["Ordnance Datum Newlyn",2005,AUTHORITY["EPSG","5101"]], UNIT["metre",1,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]], AXIS["Up",UP], AUTHORITY[["EPSG","5701"]], AUTHORITY[["EPSG","7405"]]

21. WKT point POINT( -2.784637 54.008655 )

22. Simple Features (OGC-SFS) Five Points Three Lines Two Linear Rings Two Polygons One Linestring One MultiPolygon

23. WKT SFS representation Point(10 10) LineString(10 10, 20 20) LineString(10 10, 20 20, 30 40, 10 10) Polygon((10 10, 10 20, 20 20, 20 15, 10 10), (14 14, 16 16, 14 16, 14 14)) LineString(10 10, 20 20, 30 40, 50 50) MultiPolygon( ((10 10, 10 20, 20 20, 20 15, 10 10)), ((60 60, 70 70, 80 60, 60 60 )) )

24. Attributes Feature s Field s

25. Attributes

26. Topology

27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A B C D E F G H J K L

28. Topology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A B C D E F G H J K L

29. Topology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A B C D E F G H J K L

30. Road Networks

31. Polygon Topology

32. a b c d e f g h i j C A B D E F

33. a b c d g A B E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010

34. a b c d g A B E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010

35. Raster Data

39. Continuous Data

40. DEM

41. Multi-band Rasters

43. Geo-referencing Where on earth are we?

44. Geo-referencing Where on earth are we? 0.5008 W 51.305 N 51.700 N 0.313 E

45. On the edge? 25 W

46. Geo-referenced

47. File Formats

48. Text files ID,X,Y,Name,Population 1,23.3,0.3,Alphaville,1234 2,24.5,0.31,”Beta City”,44356 3,22.2,0.28,Gammaton,66453 ID X Y Name Popn 1 23.3 0.3 Alphaville 1234 2 24.5 0.31 Beta City 44356 3 22.2 0.28 Gammaton 66453 Comma- separated Fixed- width

49. ESRI Shapefile ESRI standard Points, Lines, Polygons Three or more files Database file No topology Optional CRS file (.prj)

50. Keyhole Markup Language Station A 3 target.png -1.742077,57.36853,0

51. GML Geography Markup Language 45.67, 88.56 55.56,89.44 Defines 'Application Schemas': CityGML: urban building information CSML: climate science SensorML: e.g. weather stations CAAML: avalanche info

52. OGR C library code and tools Read and writes most vector files - GRASS, ESRI Shapefile, MapInfo File, UK.NTF, SDTS, TIGER, S57, DGN, VRT, AVCBin, REC, Memory, CSV, GML, KML, Interlis 1, Interlis 2, SQLite, ODBC, PGeo, OGDI, PostgreSQL, MySQL Provides info and conversion tools Can be used by other programs

53. ogr tools > ogrinfo scot_BNG.shp INFO: Open of `scot_BNG.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile' successful. Layer name: scot_BNG Geometry: Polygon Feature Count: 56 Extent: (7094.551791, 529495.038810) - (468285.494552, 1218342.493098) Layer SRS WKT: PROJCS["OSGB 1936 / British National Grid", GEOGCS["OSGB 1936", DATUM["OSGB_1936",..... > ogr2ogr -f KML scotland.kml scotland.shp

54. Raster Files NCOLS 25 NROWS 24 CELLSIZE 0.224235189959909 XLLCORNER 18.8810664560216 YLLCORNER -3.38649665480518 NODATA_value 9999 -1.250593 -1.500031 -1.639423 -1.877894 -1.794076 -1.619600 -1.633412 -1.677679 -1.689332 -1.729044 9999 -1.752160 -1.594944 -1.595511 -1.535278 -1.551935 -1.415440 -1.293648 -1.927674 -1.118678 -0.9700323 -0.972649 -0.9765478 -0.8378 -0.760862..... ESRI grid format

55. Raster Files Image + 'World' file 0.029061355755956 0 -0.023241262751094 -0.486235584479529 51.687950520516750 x-cell size y-rotation x-rotation y-cell size x-upper-left y-upper-left raster.wld raster.png

56. KML for rasters Map Test Simple map overlay test rasterSmall.png 51.699571151892300 51.3044696851236992 0.3129516988092611 -0.5007662623575070

57. Raster files GeoTiff – a TIFF plus Geo OSGeo standard Multi-band Coordinate system-aware

58. GDAL C library code and tools Read and writes most raster files - GRASS Database Rasters (5.7+), Virtual Raster, GeoTIFF, National Imagery Transmission Format, Erdas Imagine Images (.img), CEOS SAR Image, CEOS Image, ELAS, Arc/Info Binary Grid, Arc/Info ASCII Grid, SDTS Raster, OGDI Bridge, DTED Elevation Raster, Portable Network Graphics, JPEG JFIF, In Memory Raster, Japanese DEM (.mem), Graphics Interchange Format (.gif), Envisat Image Format, Maptech BSB Nautical Charts, X11 PixMap Format, MS Windows Device Independent Bitmap, AirSAR Polarimetric Image, RadarSat 2 XML Product, PCIDSK Database File, PCRaster Raster File, ILWIS Raster Map, SGI Image File Format 1.0, Leveller heightfield, GMT NetCDF Grid Format, Network Common Data Format, Hierarchical Data Format Release 4, HDF4 Dataset, Portable Pixmap Format (netpbm), USGS DOQ (Old Style), USGS DOQ (New Style), ENVI.hdr Labelled, ESRI.hdr Labelled, PCI.aux Labelled, Vexcel MFF Raster, Vexcel MFF2 (HKV) Raster, Fuji BAS Scanner Image, GSC Geogrid, EOSAT FAST Format, VTP.bt (Binary Terrain) 1.3 Format, Erdas.LAN/.GIS, Convair PolGASP, Image Data and Analysis, NLAPS Data Format, DIPEx, USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 2), NASA Planetary Data System, JPEG-2000 part 1 (ISO/IEC 15444-1), NOAA Polar Orbiter Level 1b Data Set, FIT Image, Raster Matrix Format, OGC Web Coverage Service, Idrisi Raster A.1, Swedish Grid RIK (.rik), USGS Optional ASCII DEM (and CDED), GeoSoft Grid Exchange Format, Hierarchical Data Format Release 5 Provides info and conversion tools Can be used by other programs

59. GDAL tools > gdalinfo rasterSmall.png Driver: PNG/Portable Network Graphics Size is 28, 17 Coordinate System is `' Origin = (-0.500766262357507,51.699571151892300) Pixel Size = (0.029061355755956,-0.023241262751094) Corner Coordinates: Upper Left ( -0.5007663, 51.6995712) Lower Left ( -0.5007663, 51.3044697) Upper Right ( 0.3129517, 51.6995712) Lower Right ( 0.3129517, 51.3044697) Center ( -0.0939073, 51.5020204) Band 1 Block=28x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red Band 2 Block=28x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Green Band 3 Block=28x1 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Blue

60. GDAL tools gdalwarp -t_srs '+proj=aea +lat_1=55 +lat_2=65 +lat_0=50 +lon_0=-154 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=clrk66 +datum=NAD27' a1.tif a2.tif

61. Spatial Databases Sometimes files aren't good enough Need to share data in a group Need data integrity PostGIS SpatiaLite Client-server model

62. Client-Server model Send me all the polygons south of 50N where the population is less than 10,000. Please.

63. Client-Server model Sure. The first one has ID 343, the population is 526, and its coordinates are 44.23,4.2 43.01,4.5.......

64. Client-Server model Thanks!

65. Client-Server model Can I have the coords of Lancaster please? What's the longest river in the world? okay Just a sec...

66. SQL and PostGIS DB table queries are spoken in SQL Standard DB query: SELECT region, pop FROM uk WHERE pop > 1000000

67. Spatial DB PostGIS stores geometry in the_geom SELECT region, pop, the_geom FROM uk WHERE pop > 1000000

68. Spatial DB AsEWKT SELECT region, pop, AsEWKT(the_geom) FROM uk WHERE pop > 1000000

69. Spatial Queries psql# SELECT "WID","NAME","ZONE_NAME" FROM woredas WHERE Intersects( geomfromtext('POINT(38.0 6.7)',-1), the_geom ); WID | NAME | ZONE_NAME -------+-------------+----------- 71303 | Damot Weyde | Wolayita

70. Spatial Data Services Simplified databases, designed for maps OGC standards: WFS and WMS WMS query WFS query <gml:LineString gml:id="p21" srsName="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:6.6:4326"> 45.67, 88.56 55.56,89.44

71. Mapping Mashups Integration of multiple data sets... ? OSM Base layer WFS Polygon overlay GeoRSS news Weather map GPS data

72. The Future Location-based services Neogeography Web 2.0 + Maps = Where 2.0 A World Where Nobody Is Ever Lost

73. The Future Location-based services Neogeography Web 2.0 + Maps = Where 2.0 A World Where Nobody Is Ever Lost Except when their batteries run out