1. Problems for the Visigoths in Spain Problems for the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in Britain

2. ➢ Who were the new invaders ? Barcinona (Barcelona) Lundenwic (London) Visigoth kingdom came to an end with the Muslim invasion from Africa The Franks defeated the Muslims in Barcelona The Vikings attacked London many times

3. In 711, Muslims from North Africa invaded the Iberian Peninsula Barcelona fell into the hands of Muslims in 712 Roderick, the last Visigothic king, was completely defeate d

4. In 801, the Franks conquered Barcelona They were a Germanic tribe ➢ While the rest of Spain remained Moorish, Barcelona retained its links to the rest of Europe

5. ➢ The Franks created a barrier to protect themselves from the Muslims : THE SPANISH MARCH ➢ In 985, Borrell the Second separated the counts of Barcelona from the Frank Empire: BARCELONA: C apital of an independent state Barcelona was its capital

6. 9 th centu ry invaded England

7. They caused many problems to the Saxons tribes... Saxons Vikings

8. WHO WERE THE VIKINGS?

9. WHERE DID THEY COME FROM ? The Viking people came from three countries of Scandinavia : ✔ Norway ✔ Sweden ✔ Denmark

10. WHY DID THEY START ATTACKING OR EXPLORING OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD? ➢ Vikings were farmers They had a lot of children ! and there was not room enough in the farms for all of them ➢ They decided to go over the seas in search of... ✔ fortune ✔ new land

11. WHERE DID THE VIKINGS GO ON THEIR TRAVELS ? Use an atlas... A. Norway B. Denmark C. Sweden D. British Isles E. France F. Italy G. Russia H.Shetland Islands I.Faroe Islands J. Iceland K.Greenland L. Vinland

12. ● Vikings loved adventure ! ✔ They were great explorers ✔ They were known for being fierce pirates

13. HOW DID THE VIKINGS TRAVEL SO FAR FROM THEIR LANDS? THE VIKING LONGSHIP OR DRAKKAR

14. ➢ Each side had holes for oars ➢ It was about long ➢ Longships carried about 30 oarsmen ➢ It had a single mast in the middle ➢ It had a large square sail 25 metres

15. THE VIKING LONGSHIP OR DRAKKAR ➢ The boat was very shallow: ● It could sail up any beach or river ➢ They had figureheads, often fierce animals, on the front and back ● Men could jump out and start fighting ● The figureheads were used to frighten the enemies ➢ Longships had scary names : “ Long Snake ”, “ Dragon of the Sea ”...

16. HOW DID THEY NAVIGATE THE WORLD? Vikings did not have compasses and satellites... HOW COULD THEY FIND THEIR WAY ?

17. ➢ What are they doing? ✔ Sometimes they sailed close to land

18. ➢ What are they doing? ✔ At night, they measured the depth of the sea by throwing a weight overboard. ✔ If the water was not too deep, they knew they were near land !

19. ➢ What are they doing? ✔ The Vikings sailed together in fleets of more than 100 ships ✔ At night, they would shout or sing to keep together

20. ➢ What are they doing? ✔ The Vikings used fleas to know which way North was. ✔ The flea usually jumps off to the North !!

21. ➢ What are they doing? ✔ The Vikings could follow a bright star: Polaris, the North Star

22. ➢ What are they doing? ✔ When the Vikings saw fresh seaweed floating, they knew that they were near land ✔ Seaweed is usually near land.

23. ➢ What are they doing? ✔ At night, birds return to land after feeding on the sea during the day. ✔ Vikings would follow the birds to know in which direction the land was.

24. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vikings/media/village_equi.html Have a look at this Viking village !

25. VIKINGS IN ENGLAND!!

26. ✔ The Vikings conquered all of northern, central and eastern England: “The Danelaw” ✔ In 865, a 'Great Army' of Danish Vikings invaded England...England was ruled by Vikings and Saxons

27. ➢ What happened to London ? ✔ London was a very important Saxon trading center ✔ London was attacked many times by Vikings 871-886 London: Viking town 886 London: Saxon town again (Do you think that Vikings were interested in London ?)