2. 120 Southern Electoral College Votes 183 Northern Electoral College Votes

3. Abraham Lincoln's Inauguration Monday, March 4, 1861 at 1pm, Chief Justice Roger Taney administered the presidential oath of office 16th president of the United States Speech very important because he would be speaking not only as the new president but also as the leader of a nation in crisis

4. Lincoln ’ s Inaugural Address Conciliatory to Southern slave-holding interests. 1.Strongest possible federal support for the Fugitive Slave Law 2.He had just taken an oath "to preserve, protect, and defend the United States Constitution" which enjoined him to see that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in all states. 3.There would be no invasion of the South unless such were necessary for him as President to fulfill his obligation to hold, occupy, and possess the property and places belonging to the federal government.

5. Lincoln ’ s Inaugural Address 4.The Constitution was established "to form a more perfect union" and that it could not be legally rescinded without an agreement between all parties. 5.He had no objection to the proposed Corwin Amendment to the Constitution (that had already been approved by both houses of the United States Congress) to protect slavery in those states in which it already existed 6.Nothing in the Constitution expressly says what either can or cannot be done regarding slavery in the territories.

8. Rewind: After Secession 7 states have seceded, but 8 more slave states still remained: Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas President Buchanan’s position –Scared the rest would secede with military action –Also acknowledged there was no constitutional authority for a state to secede, but could find no constitutional authority for him to act to prevent it.

10. The Start of the War: Fort Sumter Southern militias begin seizing all federal buildings (courthouses, post offices, forts, etc.) US Federal (North) garrison in Charleston, commanded by Major Robert Anderson: –Four forts: Castle Pinckney, Fort Moultrie, Fort Johnson and Fort Sumter –Stationed at Moultrie, but too small…moved to Sumter under the cover of night on December 26 th 1861

12. I can tell this is probably not going to go well…

13. Johnson, I told you to put your cell on vibrate! Sorry sir…I was updating my facebook!

14. This is a sign of Northern AGGRESSION! South Carolina’s government to Buchanan: –Get out now! Buchanan’s response: Eh…I’ll let the new guy deal with it!

15. Well, sort of… Buchanan ordered a ship to take men, supplies, and arms to Fort Sumter Sends an unarmed merchant ship, Star of the West –Loaded with 200 soldiers, arms and ammunition –January 9, 1861 Confederate cadets fire on the ship Turns around and returns home!

16. Star of the West? More like Star of the WORST!

17. By the time Lincoln is inaugurated, there are only two major federal properties still under the control of the US military –Fort Pickens in Pensacola, Florida and Fort Sumter Pickens: Fort Pickens was one of the few Southern forts to remain in Union hands throughout the Civil War Sumter: Fort Sumter only supplied with enough food and ammo for six weeks

19. Fort Sumter What should Lincoln do? Three options: 1.Navy fire its way into the harbor and reinforce the fort…problem? 2.Order the fort’s evacuation…problem? 3.Only supply the fort with “food for hungry men”…hmmm?

20. April 6, 1861 Lincoln sent word to newly elected governor of South Carolina, Francis W. Pickens: going to send a fleet to bring supplies to the men at Fort Sumter, but only provisions!

21. Guys relax…it’s just some Kraft Mac’n Cheese and Pop Tarts! Yum!

22. In command of Confederate troops in Charleston April 11: Sends word to Anderson stating they must evacuate Anderson: Nope! But we will be starved out by the 15 th ! Beauregard: 3:20 am on April 12 bombing would begin in an hour

23. Yep…what did I tell you? This is not going to go well!

24. Jefferson Davis chooses to attack Sumter April 12, 1861 at 4:30 AM –Shelled for 33 hours –Major Anderson sent word that he would surrender the fort and the shelling ceased April 14 th : Sumter falls and the Civil War begins

26. Model of Fort Sumter as it appeared in 1861 before the attack

27. 1861, inside the fort flying the Confederate Flag

28. The Flag over Sumter Exactly four years later, to the day, April 14, 1865, Anderson returned to Charleston, SC and Fort Sumter to again raise the flag that he had lowered in 1861 bringing a symbolic end to the war that had started at that site.