1. Air Quality Monitoring in São Paulo Metropolitan Area CETESB - São Paulo State Environmental Agency Maria Helena R. B. Martins eqq_cetesb@sp.gov.br Workshop ASTRID July 12, 2016

2. São Paulo Metropolitan Area Urban Characteristics Area ~ 8.000 km² Cities 39 Population ~ 22.000.000 Industries Fleet 2014 Gasohol ~ 2.400.000 Ethanol ~ 150.000 Flex ~ 3.500.000 Diesel ~ 420.000 Motorcycle ~ 900.000

3. Relative Emissions Contribution in the SPMA by Source Type 167 44 80 7 5 (PM) Totals in 10 3 t/year

4. Automatic Monitoring Network since 1981 59 stations (28 SPMA) ~ 18.000 data per day Pollutants: Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 )Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) Inhalable Particles (PM 10 )Inhalable Particles (PM 10 ) Fine Particles (PM 2,5 )Fine Particles (PM 2,5 ) Ozone (O 3 )Ozone (O 3 ) Nitrogen Oxides (NO/NOx/NO 2 )Nitrogen Oxides (NO/NOx/NO 2 ) Carbon Monoxide (CO)Carbon Monoxide (CO) Total Reduced Sulphur (TRS)Total Reduced Sulphur (TRS) BenzeneBenzene TolueneToluene Meteorological parameters: Wind Direction, Wind SpeedWind Direction, Wind Speed TemperatureTemperature Relative HumidityRelative Humidity PressurePressure Radiation (UV,Total)Radiation (UV,Total)

5. Automatic Air Quality Network Stationary Station Automatic Analyzers Central Processing Mobile Station

6. Manual Monitoring Network since ‘70s 32 stations (11 SMPA) Routine Pollutants: Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 )Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) Inhalable Particles (PM 10 )Inhalable Particles (PM 10 ) Fine Particles (PM 2,5 )Fine Particles (PM 2,5 ) SmokeSmoke Total Suspende Particles (TSP)Total Suspende Particles (TSP) AldehydesAldehydes Others Pollutants: Lead (Pb)Lead (Pb) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Amonia (NH 3 )Amonia (NH 3 ) FluoridesFluorides PM especiationPM especiation

7. Brazilian Air Quality Standards CONAMA N o 3/1990 CONAMA N o 3/1990

8. São Paulo State Air Quality Standards DE N o 59.113/2013 PM 10 24h µg/m³ PM 10 anual µg/m³ PM 2,5 24h µg/m³ PM 2,5 anual µg/m³ O 3 8h µg/m³ NO 2 anual µg/m³ NO 2 1h µg/m³ SO 2 24h µg/m³ SO 2 anual µg/m³ CO 8h ppm MI 1 120406020140602606040 9 MI 2 100355017130502404030 9 MI 3 75303715120452203020 9 PF 502025101004020020-9

9. Auxiliaries Parameters – DE N o 59.113/2013 Smoke 24h µg/m³ Smoke MAA µg/m³ TSP 24h µg/m³ TSP MGA µg/m³ Pb MAA µg/m³ MI1 12040240800,5 MI 2 10035240800,5 MI 3 7530240800,5 PF 5020240 80 0,5 MGA – Annual Geometric Average MAA – Annual Arithmetic Average

10. Air Quality Classification PF - OMS MI 2

11. Air Quality Distribution – SPMA - 2015 0,08%

12. SO 2 – Evolution of annual average SPMA

13. PM 10 – Evolution of annual average SPMA Number of days of violation of São Paulo State standard (120 µg/m 3 - 24h) 2013 – 0 day 2014 – 7 days 2015 – 1 day

14. PM 2,5 – Evolution of annual average SPMA Number of days of violation of São Paulo State standard (60 µg/m 3 – 24h) 2013 – 8 days 2014 – 14 days 2015 – 2 days

15. CO - Number of Exceedances of 8-hours Standard - SPMA Standard – 9ppm (8 h) CO Emission factors for new light-duty vehicles (gasoline)

16. O 3 - Number of Days of Standard Violation – SPMA São Paulo State Standard - 140 µg/m³ (8h)

17. NO 2 – Evolution of annual average SPMA. Number of days of violation of São Paulo State standard (260 µg/m 3 – 1h) 2013 – 1 day 2014 – 0 days 2015 – 0 days

18. Annual Air Quality Report Annual Air Quality Report http://ar.cetesb.sp.gov.br/publicacoes-relatorios / http://ar.cetesb.sp.gov.br/publicacoes-relatorios / Air Quality Information CETESB’s website CETESB’s website – Data Updated Hourly www.cetesb.sp.gov.br www.cetesb.sp.gov.br QUALAR – Air quality database - since 1998 QUALAR – Air quality database - since 1998 http://ar.cetesb.sp.gov.br/qualar/ http://ar.cetesb.sp.gov.br/qualar/

19. Thank you! eqq_cetesb@sp.gov.brwww.cetesb.sp.gov.br