1. CASE XVII The more accurately to observe the progress of the infection I selected a healthy boy, about eight years old, for the purpose of inoculation for the cowpox. The matter was taken from a sore on the hand of a dairymaid, who was infected by her master’s cows, and it was inserted, on the 14th of May, 1796, into the arm of the boy by means of two superficial incisions, barely penetrating the cutis, each about half an inch long. On the seventh day he complained of uneasiness in the axilla, and on the ninth he became a little chilly, lost his appetite, and had a slight headache. During the whole of this day he was perceptibly indisposed, and spent the night with some degree of restlessness, but on the day following he was perfectly well. Extract from Jenner’s publication of his experiments inoculation for the cowpox vaccination using cowpox cutis skin axilla armpits perceptibly indisposed visibly unwell

2. In order to ascertain whether the boy, after feeling so slight an affection of the system from the cowpox virus, was secure from the contagion of the smallpox, he was inoculated the 1st of July following with variolous matter, immediately taken from a pustule. Several slight punctures and incisions were made on both his arms, and the matter was carefully inserted, but no disease followed. The same appearances were observable on the arms as we commonly see when a patient has had variolous matter applied, after having either the cowpox or smallpox. Several months afterwards he was again inoculated with variolous matter, but no sensible effect was produced on the constitution. affection of the system illness variolous matter smallpox matter inoculated with variolous matter tested by putting smallpox pus in his arm sensible effect noticeable effect the constitution his health

3. A boy by the name of Phipps was inoculated in the arm from a Pustule on the hand of a young Woman who was infected by her Masters Cows. Having never seen the disease but in its casual way before, that is, when communicated from the Cow to the hand of the Milker, I was astonished at the close resemblance of the Pustules in some of their stages to the variolous Pustules. But now listen to the most delightful part of my Story. The Boy has since been inoculated for the small pox which as I ventured to predict produced no effect. A letter from Dr Jenner to a friend inoculated vaccinated causal way usual way, i.e. caught from milking infected cows communicated from passed on from variolous pustules smallpox pustules inoculated for the smallpox tested by putting smallpox pus in his arm

4. Questions on Dr Jenner’s publication On what date did Dr Jenner vaccinate James with cowpox? How many times did he insert cowpox pus into his arm? How long did it take James to start to feel ill from the cowpox vaccination? What adjective does Dr Jenner use to describe James’s “affliction” (illness) from the cowpox? Notice how when you quote the exact words someone said, you put them in quotation marks (speech marks). Dr Jenner put smallpox pus in James’s arms in order to test whether cowpox had given him immunity to smallpox. What word does Dr Jenner use instead of ‘immune’? Did Dr Jenner repeat the experiment on James? If so, when? Questions on Dr Jenner’s letter Dr Jenner says he is “astonished” by how much the cowpox pustules on James’s arm resemble smallpox pustules. Can you think how this might help explain why cowpox protects people from smallpox? What does he say he correctly predicted? Why did he predict this? Why does he call this “the most delightful part of my Story”?

5. Questions on Dr Jenner’s publication On what date did Dr Jenner vaccinate James with cowpox? How many times did he insert cowpox pus into his arm? 14 th May, 1796; twice How long did it take James to start to feel ill from the cowpox vaccination? A week. What adjective does Dr Jenner use to describe James’s “affliction” (illness) from the cowpox? Notice how when you quote the exact words someone said, you put them in quotation marks (speech marks). “Slight”. Dr Jenner put smallpox pus in James’s arms in order to test whether cowpox had given him immunity to smallpox. What word does Dr Jenner use instead of ‘immune’? “Secure”. Did Dr Jenner repeat the experiment on James? If so, when? Yes: several months later. Questions on Dr Jenner’s letter Dr Jenner says he is “astonished” by how much the cowpox pustules on James’s arm resemble smallpox pustules. Can you think how this might help explain why cowpox protects people from smallpox? It suggests that cowpox and smallpox might be similar diseases, which might explain why immunity to cowpox also gives you immunity to smallpox What does he say he correctly predicted? Why did he predict this? That the smallpox pus would have “no effect” on James. He predicted this because he vaccinated James with cowpox and believes he has evidence that cowpox infection protects you from smallpox. Why does he call this “the most delightful part of my Story”? Because it means his experiment has worked and has shown that cowpox has protected James from smallpox. So Jenner has found a way to save the world from smallpox! Answers