1. California History Andy Barrett 2010-2011

2. The Chumash Tribe The Chumash's most common food is the acorn. They make amazing canoes with planks. They lived on the coast and the Channel Islands.

3. The Miwok Tribe ● Most of the Miwok lived near the Sierra Nevadas and some lived along the Pacific Coast. In the summer they lived in bark houses aboveground and in the winter they lived in houses built half under ground to keep warm.

4. The Hupa Tribe ● The Hupa lived in Northern California's Coast Ranges near the present day Oregan border. They hunted animals such as elk and deer and they fished for salmon, trout, and sturgeon. They made their homes out of cedar wood planks.

5. The Cahuilla Tribe ● The Cahuilla Tribe lived near the Mojave Desert and they hunted small animals such as antelope. The Cahuilla women had a tradition of basket weaving. They used the baskets to hold food and water.

6. Sir Francis Drake ● Sir Francis Drake sailed north along California's coast in1579. He found a small bay and named the area Nova Albion a.k.a. New England. Albion was an older name for England.

7. James Cook ● James Cook grew up in Britain as a smart and curios student. He was an apprentice to a store owner and a shipowner. It was during these years that he became a well-known sailor, mapmaker, and explorer.

8. Vitus Bering ● In 1728 Vitus Bering sailed northeast from Russia and found a waterway between Russia and Alaska. That waterway is now called the Bering Strait. In the late1700s and the early 1800s Russian traders took this route and came to California.

9. Juan Cabrillo ● Juan Cabrillo sailed north from what is now Mexico to find a routes to Asia in1542. He explored areas that are now called San Diego, Cape San Martin, and San Miguel Island. Many enslaved Africans soldiers, and sailors went with him.

10. Sebastian Vizcaino ●I●In 1602 a Spanish Explorer named Sebastian Vizcaino made maps of the coast that were used by other explorers 'till the late 1700s. He also explored present-day San Diego all the way to Monteray.

11. California Missions ● A mission is a settlement set up by a religous group of people who want to teach native people their religion. The missionaries taught catholicism to the indians at the missions.

12. Pueblo ● A pueblo is a farming town. People who live in pueblos grow food for the soldiers who work at presidios. They receive some money for their work.

13. Presidios ●A●A presidio is a building that gaurds against indian revolts, or resistance. Another word for a presidio is a fort. The presidios also protected any other spaniards or mexicans who lived near there.

14. California Ranchos ● A rancho is a large plot of land where crops are grown and cattle, pigs, sheep, and horses are raised. After a while ranchos began to replace missions as the center of the areas econemy.

15. Miguel Hidalgo ● Miguel Hidalgo was a Mexican priest who started the Mexican War for Independance. He started the war by one day saying ”Down with the Spanish!”

16. Land Grants ● A land grant is something the Mexican Government gives to anyone who wanted to live in California. All you have to do is draw a picture of the land you want and send it to the government.

17. Fort Ross ● Ivan Kuskov led a group of trappers to California to kill beaver and sea otters in1812.They built Fort Ross as a trading post. In about 10 years the otter population was almost wiped out so the trappers left the area.

18. Sutter's Fort ●N●Nearly the same time Russians were leaving California, other people started coming in. One of these people was John Sutter, who came in 1841. He also built a fort around that time that was known as Sutter's Fort. He sold supplies to pioneers.

19. Sam Brannan ●S●Sam was an entrepreneur who ran through the streets of towns with a bottle of gold dust yelling ''there's gold in the hills!!!'' Then he sold tools to the would be miners for lots of money and was the first millionaire.

20. Levi Strauss ● Levi Strauss made very strong denim jeans for the miners from the sails of the ships. He made lots of money because the other pants were made out of a thin material that tore easily.

21. James Marshall ● James Marshall found gold and started the gold rush when he was supposed to be making a sawmill for John Sutter.

22. The Forty Niners ● Forty Niners are people who to California to find gold and be rich. Mainly the entrepreneurs made the money though, every else ended up broke.

23. James Beckwourth ● James Beckwourth discovered a pass through the Sierra Nevadas that was later known as Beckwourth Pass. He was also a mountain man, a scout, and a settler in the American West.

24. John Fremont ● John Fremont traveled all over California making maps. Fremont also wrote reports about California that made settlers in the west want to come to California.

25. John Bidwell ● John Bidwell was on the first wagon train coming to California.

26. Biddy Mason ● Biddy Mason was born a slave, and when her owner took her to California she didn't know she was free, so she went to court and asked for her freedom, so they told her she was free.

27. Mary Tape ● Mary Tape was a Chinese immigrant who wanted her child to get an education, so she sued the government to make a school for Asians.