1. Reviewing for the AHSGE. Developed by F. South and Dennis Martin Reviewing for the AHSGE. Developed by F. South and Dennis Martin Please read the following slides before starting the review.

2. Directions for using this program to review for the AHSGE.

3. This review is divided into 9 lessons. Each lesson covers one or more periods of U.S. History.

4. The terms in each lesson consist of common events, people, places, or terms related to that particular period.

5. Start with lesson 1. Read each slide. Go to the next slide and read the response. When you begin this process some responses may be unfamiliar at first. Start with lesson 1. Read each slide. Go to the next slide and read the response. When you begin this process some responses may be unfamiliar at first.

6. Repeat the process with lesson 1 trying to answer as many questions as you can before looking at the response.

7. Students should allocate at least one hour for each lesson. The study process will take about 10 days to complete if you allocate at least 1 hour per day.

8. The good news is you will greatly increase your chances of being successful on the test if you are familiar with these terms.

9. Some slides do not ask for a response. They simply give the reader some useful information. These slides will be identified with an asterisk.* You need to be familiar with the information on these slides.

10. You are not given a list of answers to choose from on this review.

11. Good news! You will have 4 responses to choose from on the actual test. This will increase your chances for choosing the correct response.

12. Terms Review I The Pre-Colonial and Colonial Eras

13. This was a series of wars fought in the Middle Ages by Christians to conquer the Holy Land from Muslims.

14. Crusades

15. * One reason this event is significant: Europeans returned home with items not found in their countries. These items became in great demand. (spices, silk…)

16. * The Crusades started a pattern of trade between the European countries and the East. Because of the dangers of traveling by land Columbus attempted to reach the East by sailing west. Crusades

17. * The Crusades caused explorers to look for a sea route to the East.

18. An instrument that uses a magnetic needle to indicate direction.

19. Compass

20. An instrument that allowed sailors to find their position from the stars

21. Astrolabe

22. A ship with triangular sails and rudder

23. Caravel

24. European period of renewed interest in the sciences, art, and literature. (1400-1700 AD)

25. Renaissance

26. * The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to other European countries.

27. What invention is Gutenberg associated with? Light bulb Kite Printing press Telegraph

28. What invention is Gutenberg associated with? Printing press

29. He began the movement to reform the Catholic Church.

30. Martin Luther

31. 16 th century movement resulting in the separation of the Protestant Churches from the Roman Catholic Church.

32. Reformation

33. He was an explorer representing Spain who set out to find a new route to Asia in 1492. His voyage marked the beginning of European efforts to colonize the Americas.

34. Christopher Columbus

35. The exchange of crops, plants, animals and diseases between Europeans and Native Americans.

36. Columbian Exchange

37. Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered Native American empires.

38. Conquistadores

39. Spanish explorer who conquered the Aztecs in Mexico.

40. Hernando Cortez

41. He conquered Incas in Peru with metal-clad soldiers

42. Francisco Pizarro

43. * Reasons the conquistadors (Spanish explorers) were able to conquer the larger groups of natives (Incas and Aztecs) they faced: Horses and Better Weapons Some of the people thought they were Gods as they rode in on horses adorned with metal armor and weapons.

44. He searched for the “Seven Cities of Gold” in the present-day southwestern United States.

45. He searched for “Seven Cities of Gold” in the present-day southwestern United States. Francisco Coronado

46. He searched for gold in the present-day southeastern United States.

47. Hernando deSoto

48. He searched for the “Fountain of Youth” in Florida.

49. Juan Ponce de Leon

50. An economic policy which favors exports over imports to increase a nation’s gold reserve.

51. Mercantilism

52. First city founded by Europeans in North America which still exists today

53. First city founded by Europeans in North America. St. Augustine

54. A private company that sells shares to investors

55. joint-stock company

56. Colonial government made of elected representatives.

57. House of Burgesses

58. * The House of Burgesses is important because it is the first example of representative government in the New World

59. Large estate farmed by many workers.

60. Plantation

61. * The need for cheap labor on plantations encouraged the slave trade. Slavery began to replace indentured servitude.

62. People who signed a contract to work for a certain length of time in exchange for passage to the colonies.

63. Indentured Servants

64. Colonial trade routes between the Caribbean, New England, and Africa.

65. Triangular Trade Route

66. What term was given to describe the part of the Triangular trade which brought slaves from Africa?

67. The Middle Passage

68. Agreement that the Pilgrims signed before landing in Plymouth.

69. Mayflower Compact

70. * They had been blown off course by a storm. Their royal charter was for a different location; therefore they signed an agreement to make and obey their own laws. Mayflower Compact