1. Unit 4 Reading The first Underground in the World

2.  When we talk about London, what will you think about?

4.  The oldest and the best underground system in the world:

6.  Fast reading for general idea  1. When was the first underground system opened?  2. Why was the Victoria Line important?  3. What did Charles Holden do?

7.  Check your answers:  When was the first underground system opened?  In 1863.  2 Why was the Victoria Line important?  Because it linked with other lines at almost every station, making the system more user-friendly.  3 What did Charles Holden do?  He is the architect that designed many of the new stations built between 1918 and 1938.

8. Detailed reading for important information  (1)Why was an underground system first developed in London?  Most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses were required. This increased traffic on the road.  (2)What was the London Underground like in 1863?  The carriages did not have windows and were pulled by steam engines through narrow tunnels.

9.  (3) What did Charles Yerkes do to improve the underground?  He bought many of the different lines and set up the Underground Group.  (4) What are some of the different things that the underground has functioned as?  The underground has functioned as a bomb shelter, an aeroplane factory, an anti-aircraft centre and meeting rooms for the government administration.

10.  (5) What happened to the London Underground after World War II?  After World War II, more lines were added because more people traveled on the underground.  (6) What does it mean when the brochure says that the underground system is user-friendly?  It means that many of the lines are linked at many stations. Therefore, it is very convenient for riders to go to different places in the city from any station.

11. Listen to the tape and find the information to match the year. DateEvent 1854 1863

12. 1868 1884 1933 1918- 1938 After 1945 1977

13. Check your answers: DateEvent 1854An underground railway was decided to be built. 1863The first tunnels were opened.

14. 1868The next section of the underground system was opened. 1884The underground service was provided in the middle of the city. 1933A public organization was created. 1918- 1938 London Transport was expanded. After 1945 More people traveled on the underground and more lines were added. 1977The last line was added.

15. Go through the passage again and find out how many parts can the passage be divided into.

16. PartParagraphMain idea Part 1 Paragraph 1Reasons why the first underground in the world was developed Part 2 Paragraphs 2-4 Developments of the first underground before World War II Part 3 Paragraph 5Some unusual uses of the first underground during World War II Part 4 Paragraphs 6-7 Expansion and popularity of the first underground system

17.  Answers to part D: 1 d2 e3 b4 f 5 c6 h7 g8 a

18. Answers to part E:  1 Underground 2 oldest 3 complex 4 1863  5 boundary 6 1977 7carriages 8 user-friendly  9 World War II 10 bomb shelters

19. Language points Pay attention to the language points in the text.

20.  1. distant adj. far away in the distant past/future: far away in the past or future: distance n. [C or U] the amount of space between two places: He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day. Does she live within walking distance of her parents?

21. 高考链接  The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles. （ 2004 全国 ） A. length B. distance C. way D. space

22.  2. choke n. [C] v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞 1). The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death. 2). The roads to the coast were choked with traffic. 3). At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic. 4). Children can choke on peanuts.  引申 : chock back 忍住，抑制 chock up 因激动等说不出话来

23. 自我检测  During the rush hours the roads are usually _____ up with traffic.  A. chocked B. crowded  C. blocked D. checked

24.  3. link v. [T] to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas: 1.The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.  link up: to form a connection, especially in order to work or operate together: 2.The organization's aim is to link up people from all over the country who are suffering from the disease. 3. They linked up two areas by telephone.  用法拓展 :be connected with 与 …… 相接， 和 …… 有联系

25.  4. honor a quality that combines respect, pride and honesty: a man of honor We fought for the honor of our country. n. [C] a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect: She received an honor for her services to the community. in honor of sb./ sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.: a banquet in honor of the president

26. 高考链接  My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. (2006 陕西 )  A. in favor of B. in memory of  C. in honour of D. in search of

27.  5. permit v. -tt- [T] to allow sth.: The regulations do not permit much flexibility. [+ ing form of verb] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month. [+ object + to infinitive] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.

28.  6. order n. [U] 顺序  in order of: 以 …… 的顺序 out of order ：杂乱无序  The children lined up in order of age/height. I can't find the file I need because they're all out of order (= they are no longer arranged in the correct way). Put the files in alphabetical order.

29. 高考链接  You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______. (2006 广东 )  A. date B. shape  C. order D. balance

30.  7. refer to phrasal verb: 1) to talk or write about someone or sth., especially briefly 提到，谈 到 In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays. 2) If writing or information refers to someone or sth., it relates to that person or thing: 涉及 到，与某人或某事相关  The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.

31.  8. discount n. [C] a reduction in the usual price: 折扣 They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies. They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.  at a discount: 打折

32. 自我检测 They sell the sweater _______ a discount of 30 percent.  A. on B. for  C. at D. with

33. Consolidation exercises

34.  The London underground system has the (1) __________ of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world. Before 1850, train services to London had already been (2) __________, but people couldn’t build railways into the city because doing that would cause great (3) __________ to many historic buildings. distinction developed damage

35.  So many buses were needed to (4) __________ people to the city centre, which, however, often (5) __________ traffic. This problem led to the development of the underground system.  In 1854, Metropolitan Railway Company was allowed to build an underground railway and the first tunnels were opened in 1863. In 1868, the next (6) __________ of the underground system was opened by another company called the Metropolitan District Railway transport choked off section

36.  In 1884, these two companies (7) __________ and provided the underground service in the middle of the city.  With the development of the (8) __________ ways of digging tunnels, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884, and over the next 25 years, six (9) ___________ deep underground lines were made. But because they were (10) __________ owned and far away from each other, traveling on these lines was (11)_____________ linked up advanced independent separately inconvenient

37.  Having seen the situation, Charles Yerkes, tried to improve the system. He bought many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group. In 1933, a public (12) ___________ called the London Passenger Transport Board was created, which eventually became London Transport. From 1918 to 1938, the system (13) __________ a lot.  During World War II, the underground system had some (14) __________ uses organization expanded unusual

38.  For example, many underground stations once (15) __________ as bomb shelters. After the war, more lines were added. Now, the network of the underground system includes 12 lines and goes 26 miles out of central London. Three million people travel on the underground every day. Can you imagine what London would be if there were no such underground system? functioned

39. Homework 1.Prepare the part Word power 2.Read the passage on Page 130 of the workbook