1. Today’s Agenda Checking Canvas for class updates Midterms (graded!) In class meetings /office hour (A-G) Group Presentation (Tuesday) Paper Topic (Due Sunday by noon) Review from last time Lutheranism The English Reformation Calvinism

2.  Aristotelianism in church doctrine  Form/matter distinction-used to intellectually account for transubstantiation.  Problematic for Erasmus philosophically, problematic for Luther (real presence as a testament)

3.  More: like Erasmus, he supported internal reform in the church. No need for separatism (Henry VIII)

4.  Wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon (she did not have a male child).  Henry had an affair with Anne Bolelyn. She became pregnant with his child.  Henry initially could not get an annulment granted by Cardinal Wolsey. Pope was in a bind since the Holy Roman Emperor was Catherine’s nephew (Charles V).  Wolsey dismissed from King Henry’s court.

5.  Henry, on the advice of Wolsey’s replacements, sought redress in England’s courts.  Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cramer, head of England’s ecclesiastical court, formally resolved Henry’s marriage.  Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy (sometimes referred to as the Act of Succession)

6.  King of England declared the head of the church.  As head of the church, the king dictated personnel appointments and official church doctrine.  Treason Act (addendum to the Succession Act)-all English citizens must acknowledge the king’s religious authority. More as we recall was beheaded because he didn’t.

7.  From last time, remember Luther challenged church doctrine by asserting justification through faith not works.  Scriptural meaning must be determined by one’s own reading of the scriptures, not church elders or church establishment.  No sale of indulgences!

8.  Luther challenged the papal authority.  Advocated marriage for clergy.

9.  Needed to support of the nobles to press his cause.  Therefore, in the peasant rebellions (1520s) he sided with the nobles.  Peasant rebellion defeated in 1525.

10. Queen Mary I 1516 –1558

11.  Henry VIII’s reign ends 1547.  Mary, daughter by his first wife (Catherine of Aragon), comes to power as queen.  Mary restored Catholicism to England. Protestantism regarded by her and her subjects as heretic.  Her reign ends in 1558.

12. John Calvin 1509 –1564

13.  Total depravity (Original Sin)  Unconditional election (God's Election)  Limited atonement (Particular Redemption)  Irresistible grace (Effectual Calling)  Perseverance of the Saints

14.  Man headed to hell. Only God can save you.  Puritanism

16.  Next time, we finish the Reformation and explore the new world with Columbus. Group presentation.  Paper topic to be assigned this afternoon with readings. Paper due on Sunday at noon.