1. Developing Economies Leaving Cert Higher 2009 Elective -Question 7 Part c “Examine the impact of colonialism on a developing economy that you have studied”

2. Marking Scheme For This Question Total Marks: 30 Marks (15 SRP'S @ 2marks each) Identify the Impact: 1 SRP Name the Developing Country: 1 SRP Examine the impact in full: 13 SRP's

3. Outline of Approach ● Colonial Power – Great Britain ● Colony – India ● Impact – Depletion of Economic, Political and Social Resources

5. 13 SRP's Examining the Impact ● Prior to British colonisation -India was a thriving local economy based on 'indigenous' products and in the centre of a great trading route. Its economy was helped in a positive way by the impact of many diverse cultures – eg. Moguls in the 12 th Century ● In 1600 under Queen Elizabeth The East India Trading Company was established which resulted in large amounts of produce being shipped back to Great Britain. - Beginning of Colonialism

6. 13 SRP's Continued ● The Indian Colony became a source for resources focused on commodities. The main commodities were Jute, Rubber,Spices, Tea and Cotton ● The British established large trading ports such as Bombay and Calcutta to import provisions and export these commodities

7. 13 SRP's Continued ● The East Indian Trading Company developed rail and canal links to the 'Plantations' but neglected to link other vast areas of India to the developing 'transport infrastructure' as the main focus was on connecting the plantations with the ports ● The result of these policies was an over dependence on commodities ('Cash Crops'). This in turn led to large areas of land which was suited to essential crops being used for cash crops which led to the development of a 'Subsistence Agrarian System' - still exists!

8. 13 SRP's Continued ● This directly impacts on issues of poverty,disease and overpopulation. ● India's current population exceeds 1 Billion and the vast majority live on the breadline ● Mass rural-urban migration can be directly attributable to the legacy of colonialism. Cities such as Bombay and Calcutta are testament to this with overflowing 'Bustees' – Calcutta currently has in excess of 500,000 'Pavement Dwellers'

9. 13 SRP's Continued ● India received independence in 1947 but again the 'legacy of colonialism' has contributed to much political instability and turmoil. One of India's greatest leaders – Gandhi said; “British rule has impoverished the people of India by a system of progressive exploitation” ● Conflict with the neighbouring Muslim stste Pakistan has also been a legacy of India's colonial past. This is particularly evident in the Kashmir Region.

10. 13 SRP's Continued ● Despite independence a 'Neo-Colonial' relationship in trade has emerged between India and Great Britain(United Kingdom). This is referred to as a 'Dominant – Dependent' relationship ● The over-reliance on commodities for trade has played a significant role in the slow development of the Indian economy and has forced people to produce essential foods such as rice in marginal areas eg. Ganges Valley

11. 13 SRP's Continued ● The legacy of colonial trade has also had an impact on migration patterns. Large numbers of Indians have left India and migrated to well developed economies in the 'North' – especially to the old colonial power of Great Britain (UK). This has created problems for both the 'destination' and 'source' areas.