1. Oil Drilling And Environment

2. Summary: Extraction of oil: Consequences of oil extraction:

3. Definition of Oil: Oil is a liquid carbonaceous rock, mineral oil composed of more or less light hydrocarbons and various organic compounds trapped in specific geological formations. The exploitation of this fossil fuel is one of the pillars of the contemporary industrial economy, because oil provides almost all the liquid fuels (oil, diesel, kerosene, gasoline, LPG), while the naphtha produced by refining the basis of petrochemicals, which come from a very large number of common materials - plastics, synthetic textiles, synthetic rubbers, detergents, adhesives, fertilizers, cosmetics, etc.. - And the heaviest fractions lead to bitumen, paraffin waxes and lubricants.

4. DATA There is a total of 693 land and offshore drilling rigs in the world toady. The U.S. use about 20,680,000 bbl/day The entire world consumes 30,000,000,000 billion gallons of oil a year HISTORIC INFO The earliest know oil well was in China around 347 CE. Oil was first distilled by the persian alchemist Muhammad ibn ZakarRāzi in the 9th century The deepest oil will in the world is 39,000 ft. into the ground Some details;

5. Extraction of oil: There are two methods for extracting oil The first: The use oil platform in North Sea: An oil platform is a fixed or floating marine structure which is used to operate an oil field. It mainly supports the features necessary for the drilling phase of oil extraction, and sometimes equipment to ensure a human presence on board. The second most used is: the pipeline. A pipeline is a huge pipe (1.50 m in diameter) are used to transport gold from a black point A to point B, sometimes even over a million miles across country

6. Oil is the most important energy resource in the world. We use oil for most of our energy intake that is road transport for most but also rail, sea or air. Despite some effort to limit the expenditure of oil as biofuel developed from plants like sunflowers or rapeseed. All adaptation techniques is a price that is very expensive and need lots of surface to produce a lot of biofuel, there are other cars such as gas or electric cars but are also often very expensive. uses of oil:

7. Despite the advanced technology to reduce oil consumption and emission of greenhouse gas emissions oil still remains the main global energy resource which leads to a dependence of countries with no oil resources on their territory as its case for of France. Many countries in this situation is why sometimes its renewable energy that uses nature to walk without degrading or depleting it.These energies running through several factors like the sun for solar energy, water for hydropower, wind for wind power, combustion of organic matter for biomass and heat from the core of the Earth forgeothermal. Renewable energies:

8. Renewable energy is energy used by humans, so that its reserves are not depleted. In other words, its rate of formation must be greater than its operating speed. Solar: A photovoltaic cell is an electronic component which, exposed to light (photons), produces electricity. Wind: A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy of wind into electrical or mechanical energy. Biomass: In the field of energy, especially bioenergy, the term biomass refers to all plant-derived organic matter (algae included), animals can become a source of energy by combustion. Hydraulics: Hydroelectric power, or hydroelectricity, is an electrical energy generated by conversion of hydraulic energy of different water streams (rivers, waterfalls, ocean currents …). The kinetic energy of flowing water is converted into mechanical energy by a turbine and into electricity by a generator.

9. Most people living on the land prices were aware that the use of fossil fuels like oil were harmful to the environment and have started to appropriate renewable energy but the transition is very difficult because it must be adapted to our current lifestyles and this transition will take place over several generations. The oil is used in the manufacture of many synthetic materials like plastic that comes into the first category it is followed by textiles,synthetic, it also enters in the composition of fertilizer, pesticide and herbicide that is very harmful for the environment because they can result in pollution of land and oceans and destroy terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Environmental hazards:

10. Oil slick: Accidental or deliberate dumping of oil into a marine environment and causes ecological and industrial disaster resulting in the grounding in the coastal zone of an oil slick. Many accidents like oil spills were held during this last year as the oil platform explosion of BP (British Petroleum). It exploded April 20, 2010 generating a fire and then a major oil spill with a average estimate of 4.9 million barrels or 780 million liters widespread and may cause the disappearance of about 400 species.

11. The consequences of oil extraction and its solutions Some are due to oil activity is even more destructive as the oil spill caused by the grounding of tanker ship or oil platform explosions. These consequences are disastrous for the environment most often the destruction of the environment and its environment are in general a lot of time to repair the damage, but also the greenhouse gases are caused in part by public transportation using oil and causing irreversible damage such as holes in the ozone layer causing global warming important. By the use of oil man has caused much damage to nature but may be subsequently mastered using new technologies.

12. Thomas Leveque and Pierre Saison