1. Accessibility of PDF Files Andrew Downie Centre for Learnin g Innovation NSW Department of Education & Training 1

2. What we will cover Brief overview of screen readers etc History of PDF accessibility Different forms of PDFs Creating widely accessible PDFs Benefits of properly structured PDFs Repairing PDFs Creating PDF forms 2

3. Adaptive Technology Overview Screen readers –Synthetic speech and/or electronic Braille output –Essentially limited to reading text –Sophisticated facilities for displaying visual presentation Text/graphics enlargement software –Many magnification and colour selection options –Optional augmentation with synthetic speech Learning/reading difficulties –Inexpensive speech output products –Sophisticated reading assistance incorporating synthetic speech 3

4. History of PDF Accessibility Initially completely inaccessible Acrobat V4.5 introduced a plugin – text but no formatting Acrobat V5 introduced tagging (structure) MSAA (Microsoft Active Accessibility) utilised The reader must choose single page or whole document display Adobe and adaptive technology developers continue to refine access Many (probably most) PDFs are still created without structure PDFs still viewed negatively by advocates –Partly based on historical inaccessibility –Partly due to low standards compliance 4

5. Image Only PDF Files What is it? –Paper document scanned into Acrobat as a picture Problems: –Cannot adjust colour –Cannot search for text –Cannot be read with screen readers etc Some work-arounds –Acrobat has OCR capability and preserves page structure –Can use other OCR software –Print to Microsoft Office Document Imaging from Adobe Reader Not equitable access 5

6. Unstructured PDF Files May or may not be accessible Acrobat and Adobe Reader report to adaptive technology Changing reading order may help Automatic tagging with Acrobat may help Manual tagging an option Protected files: –Structure cannot be corrected without password –Cannot be saved to accessible formats 6

7. Structured PDF Files Positives: –Text should be fully accessible –Basic data tables should read well –Page numbers essentially correct –Internal and external links fully operable –Bookmarks a great feature if present –Alt text on images accessible if present –Protected files are accessible Negatives: –Paragraph location problematical but improving –Most screen readers do not yet support font attribute information –Complex tables not yet supported by screen readers 7

8. Accessibility Setup Shortcut to Acrobat/Reader Preferences ctrl-k Colours set under Accessibility Settings for screen readers under Reading –Reading order –Setting for number of pages in a large document –Read out loud options – page or file 8

9. Easy Structured File Creation with MS Office Use formal document styles –Formal hierarchical heading styles –List styles for lists –Paragraph styles for paragraphs Alt text on images –Right click the image –Select Size –Select the alt text tab –Replace the filename with meaningful text Do not: –Use text boxes –Use tables for layout –Split table rows across pages 9

10. Microsoft Word to PDF Acrobat adds menu item to Word –Default settings will create tagged PDF file Free Microsoft plugin will create PDF –In Options be sure to check Tags for Accessibility 10

11. Repairing PDF Files in Acrobat Professional Automatic tagging of untagged file –Advanced menu; Accessibility; Add tags to document –Produces a report – take with a grain of salt Manual tagging tools: –Tag tree View Menu; Navigation Panels; –Order View Menu; Navigation panels –Touch up Reading Order Advanced Menu; Accessibility; 11

12. Creating PDF Forms Forms Menu to create form Can use Acrobat or Live Cycle Designer Can use MS Word, RTF file etc as template If using an existing PDF, should initially be untagged Most fields should be recognised automatically In Live Cycle Designer click Accessibility tab –Add tool tip to fields In Acrobat use Field Properties under Forms menu to add tool tip Extend features in Adobe Reader under Advanced menu 12

13. Some Screen Readers VoiceOver: Built in to all new Apple Macintoshes NVDA: Free from http://www.nvda-project.org/http://www.nvda-project.org/ System Access To Go: Free while connected to www.satogo.com www.satogo.com Window-Eyes (free 30-minute demo) from www.gwmicro.com www.gwmicro.com JAWS (free 30-minute demo) from www.freedomscientific.com www.freedomscientific.com 13

14. Resources Karen McCall’s publications available through IRTI (http://www.irti- cat.peachhost.com/ct_CGtutorials_booksandeducationalmaterial.htm)http://www.irti- cat.peachhost.com/ct_CGtutorials_booksandeducationalmaterial.htm –Logical Document Structure handbook: Word 2003, ISBN 0-9738370-3-9– teaches how to make an accessible Word document that can be repurposed to create a tagged PDF and to make for easier Braille conversion –Accessible and Usable PDF Documents: Techniques for Document Authors, ISBN 0- 9738246-1-1– walks document author or repair technician through what can go wrong and how to fix it in either a tagged or untagged PDF file http://www.karlencommunications.com/PDF-resources.htm for accessible PDF resourceshttp://www.karlencommunications.com/PDF-resources.htm http://adobe.com/accessibility for information on creating accessible PDFshttp://adobe.com/accessibility http://www.adobe.com/accessibility/products/reader/ for PDF on Adobe Reader and screen readershttp://www.adobe.com/accessibility/products/reader/ NetCentric at www.net-centric.com for creating Section 508-compliant PDFswww.net-centric.com Save as PDF or XPS plug-in for Office 2007 http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=4d951911-3e7e-4ae6-b059- a2e79ed87041&displaylang=en http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=4d951911-3e7e-4ae6-b059- a2e79ed87041&displaylang=en comments by Joe Clark on PDF usage at http://www.alistapart.com/articles/pdf_accessibilityhttp://www.alistapart.com/articles/pdf_accessibility Accessibility Support Documentation for PDF at http://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/WCAG20/implementation-report/PDF_accessibility_support_statementAccessibility Support Documentation for PDF at http://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/WCAG20/implementation-report/PDF_accessibility_support_statement 14

15. Contacting Andrew Phone:(02) 9715-8347 Email:andrew.downie@det.nsw.edu.auandrew.downie@det.nsw.edu.au News and Reviews: –http://www.cli.nsw.edu.au/cli/e- learning/adaptive_technologies/adapt_tech_reviews.shtmhttp://www.cli.nsw.edu.au/cli/e- learning/adaptive_technologies/adapt_tech_reviews.shtm 15