1. There and Back Again: Native American Tribal Disenrollment and Heritage Don Anque, J.D. Emerging Scholar Syracuse University, College of Law Christopher Doval, Esq. Assistant Professor of Business Administration Earl G. Graves School of Business Morgan State University Elin Cortijo-Doval, PhD. Assistant Professor of Management Reginald F. Lewis College of Business Virginia State University

2. Prickett Family – Former Members of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde

3. Disenrollment Papers

4. Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde in Oregon Enrollment Requirements “The applicant must have a parent who was enrolled at Grand Ronde at the time of their birth… The applicant must have an ancestor of direct lineal descent from the 1984 Restoration roll to determine their possession of Grand Ronde tribal blood.”

5. What does it mean to be Native American? Indian Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934 aka “Indian New Deal” (25 U.S.C. §479) “The term ‘Indian’ as used in this Act shall include all persons of Indian descent who are members of any recognized Indian tribe now under Federal jurisdiction, and all persons who are descendants of such members who were, on June 1, 1934, residing within the present boundaries of any Indian reservation, and shall further include all other persons of one-half or more Indian blood.”

7. Membership Requirements Not All Native American Tribes share the same governing structures nor have the same enrollment requirements. Navajo – “A person MUST be at least 1/4 (one quarter) Navajo to be enrolled as a member of the Navajo Nation.” Cherokee – “Cherokee Nation citizenship does not require a specific blood quantum. It does require that you have at least one direct Cherokee ancestor listed on the Dawes Final Rolls, a federal census of those living in the Cherokee Nation that was used to allot Cherokee land to individual citizens in preparation for Oklahoma statehood. In adoption cases, … [c]itizenship must be proven through the biological parent to the enrolled ancestor.”

8. How would you feel if you were kicked out of your ethnic group?

9. What happens after disenrollment? Exile from Tribal Lands. Casino Stipend. Educational Benefits. Childcare Benefits. Health Benefits. Hereditary Erasure. Race and Ethnicity Legal Limbo. What are you?

11. Disenrollment and Sovereignty

13. Thank You.