1. BY: KATE HORNER AND MARYANNE PEVTSOV PERIOD 7 ENVIRONMENT IN THE SOVIET UNION

2. THESIS Reaching from Eastern Europe all the way across Russia, the Soviet Union wreaked environmental havoc upon all of the regions under its control. The USSR had a lack of environmental concern, and a need to quickly industrialize. The pollution of water, land, and air of every area it was present in are effects of this mistreatment, and are still being dealt with today.

3. OVERVIEW Environmental issues in… Baltic states Eastern Europe states Central Asian states Russia Southern Caucasus

4. BALTIC STATES Estonia: 80,000 hectares damaged by Soviet Army in 1990 Dumped hundreds of thousands of tons of jet fuel into the ground Toxic chemicals, explosives, and weapons in waters 11 square km underground water contaminated Tapa- 6 square km covered by a layer of fuel

5. BALTIC STATES Lithuania Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant Poor water quality Unclean beaches Acid rain Nonexistent water supplies 1/3 air polluted

6. BALTIC STATES Latvia Lack of waste conversion equipment Benefited from FSU break-up Concern of environmental issues increased Drinking water, sewage system, waste management Air pollution

7. EASTERN EUROPE Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine Chernobyl Disaster- nuclear explosion that released contamination into the atmosphere Pripyat River  Dnipro River reservoir system LARGEST SURFACE WATER SYSTEM IN EUROPE

8. EASTERN EUROPE Chernobyl effects Fish Drinking water Groundwater “Red Forest” 18 billion rubles Western USSR & Europe 985,000 estimated cancer deaths 1986-2004

9. EASTERN EUROPE Moldova: decline Soviet use of pesticides  polluted top soil Forests = 11% of territory

10. CENTRAL ASIA Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikstan, Turkmenistan Semi-arid steppe in Kazakhstan  used as nuclear testing site (Semipalatinsk)  high rate or disease Pollution of Caspian Sea

11. CENTRAL ASIA Shrinking of Aral Sea (Uzbekistan) Growing pesticide concentrations Desertification Water pollution Fertilizers & pesticides  human health disorders, agricultural problems

12. RUSSIA Declined during FSU Pollution control thought of as unnecessary By 1990, 40% of territory = ecological stress Deforestation Energy irresponsibility Pollution Nuclear waste Karabash Most polluted town in The world

13. SOUTHERN CAUCUSES Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia 1995 – reactivated nuclear power plant in Metsamor, Armenia Deforestation Opposed by environmentalists Earthquakes Soil & river intoxication (pesticides) Climate changes, deposition of ice & snow Landscape zones shift towards higher altitudes Desert 33% Alpine22% Increased draught rate

14. CONCLUSION After years under Soviet control, Russia, the Baltic States, the Southern Caucuses, Central Asia and Eastern European regions are still suffering from the pollution that was left behind. Their water sources, air quality, and land fertility have all been harmed in result of nuclear testing and power plants.

15. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster http://www.google.com/imgres?q=moldova+forest+mass&hl=en&biw=1600&bih=737&gbv=2&t bm=isch&tbnid=DmI_haaRY971qM:&imgrefurl=http://bsapm.moldnet.md/Text/Pagina%2520we b%2520Strategia/Englez/Cap1total.html&docid=RML- NZH_vvWU_M&imgurl=http://bsapm.moldnet.md/Grafica/Pagina%252520web%252520Strategia /Harti/fig1- 1.jpg&w=534&h=563&ei=SvZTT6mTLKmvsALlrfzvBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=167&vpy=262&dur=78 &hovh=231&hovw=219&tx=141&ty=111&sig=108822281621413176597&page=1&tbnh=124&tbnw =117&start=0&ndsp=35&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,r:9,s:0 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=acid+rain+Russia&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1600&bih=737&tbm=is ch&tbnid=tr3A_loNzNPhnM:&imgrefurl=http://robzone.blogspot.com/2011/04/worlds-most- polluted-town.html&docid=MPkwGrWqYSbVbM&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xWnP- 9ahkR8/TbBt_6CvYFI/AAAAAAAAAko/g5CrY_7mAY4/s1600/worlds_most_polluted_town_03.jpg& w=800&h=568&ei=7_dTT- 6oLs3DsQL8lJTwBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=412&vpy=151&dur=109&hovh=189&hovw=267&tx=1 84&ty=118&sig=108822281621413176597&page=1&tbnh=137&tbnw=182&start=0&ndsp=33&ved =1t:429,r:2,s:0=182&start=0&ndsp=33&ved =1t:429,r:2,s:0 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=baltic+states&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1600&bih=737&tbm=isch& tbnid=qdF-UhmmZ5iovM:&imgrefurl=http://www.indiatalkies.com/2010/12/nato-plans-defend- baltic-states-russian-military-agression- wikileaks.html&docid=OF0UaXEMkUbNfM&imgurl=http://www.indiatalkies.com/images/baltic- states5489s.jpg&w=1022&h=1104&ei=4PtTT9WZHoHlsQKi8PXvBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=497&vp y=344&dur=110&hovh=233&hovw=216&tx=158&ty=125&sig=108822281621413176597&page=1&t bnh=158&tbnw=146&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0:0