1. The deadly microscopic world.

2. Nucleic acid within a protein coat Jenner – smallpox vaccine Non-living No metabolism Cannot replicate without a host No scientific name, instead family names Influenza virus

3. Viruses that infect bacteria – bacteriophage General Characteristics: Nucleic acid – either RNA or DNA Outer protein capsid Optional features for protection Envelope, spikes, slime layers Capsid protein DNA or RNA Tail Tail fibers

5. Prior to replication, virus must enter cell Protein on virus interlock with surface markers on cells Each virus has specific cell to “dock” with EX: polio virus attaches to nerve cells

6. Lytic 1A. Virus attaches to cell 2A. Inserts DNA 3A. Replication of viral parts 4A. Assembly of new viruses 5A. Cell lyses Lysogenic 1B. Virus attaches to cell 2B. Inserts DNA 3B. DNA integrates into host DNA - prophage 4B. Cell replicates normally with viral DNA altering protein synthesis 5B. Viral DNA comes out of the host DNA 6B. Begin Lytic Cycle

12. Inhibit protein synthesis of host Open lysosomes Bind membranes together Create a toxic level of proteins The human body protects itself from viruses using antibodies and fever. Viruses prefer body temperature.

13. Which of these diseases is likely to be caused by a lytic virus? Characteristics of some Viral Diseases DiseaseSymptomsIncubation MeaslesRash, Fever9-11 days ShinglesPain, itching on skinYears WartsBumpy area on skinMonths InfluenzaBody aches, fever, runny nose1-4 days HIVfatigue, weight loss, fever2-5 years

15. Smallpox Last seen in 1977 Eradicated by WHO due to obvious symptoms and short life cycle CDC and Moscow Self-replicating

16. Chicken Pox Fluid filled blisters Itching and burning Common in kids Vaccine to prevent

17. Herpes zoster – shingles Reactivated chicken pox Highly contagious Viral DNA remains in neurons, dormant Pain, fever, skin lesions, pus filled spots Can be due to sun, stress, fever, trauma, but main cause unknown

18. Untreated shingles

19. Herpes simplex 2 Genital herpes Virus lives in bottom of the spine Same reactivation Congenital herpes in newborns Tingling, pain during urination, thick discharge, fluid filled vesicles Found in 25 mil Americans

21. Cold Sores Herpes simplex Virus lives in a nerve in face Reactivated similar to shingles Fever, sore throat, mouth pain, edema

22. Untreated cold sores

23. HIV Retrovirus RNA  DNA Reverse transcriptase Fluid transmission Enters immune system by endocytosis into WBC Prevents WBC from making a receptor (CD4) that normally detects pathogens Symptoms treated with drug cocktail

24. HIV Exposure symptoms – headache, sore throat, occasional rash Upon reactivation – rapid weight loss, dry cough, night sweats, unexplained fatigue, white spots in mouth, memory loss

26. Kaposi’s Sarcoma – HIV side affect

27. Burkitt’s Lymphoma – HIV Side Affect

28. Rabies Virus lives in salivary glands of animal Virus destroys the nerves Produces Negri bodies in brain Initial symptoms – tingling and cold around bite, nervous Phase II – anxiety, photophobia, arrhythmia, pupil dilation, difficulty swallowing Gamma globulin treatment

29. Mononucleosis Fluid transmission “kissing disease” Infects WBC’s Enlarged lymph nodes, swollen spleen, sore throat, nausea, weakness, fatigue Can last up to 6 wks Remains latent in nerves

30. Measles Highly contagious Respiratory droplet spread Nasal discharge, dry cough, fever, headache, pink eye, pink lesions, ear infection Targeted for eradication MMR vaccine

31. Viral Hepatitis B Initially asymptomatic 1-3 month incubation Fever, loss of appetite, pain, nausea, fatigue, jaundice, swollen liver 3 step vaccine

32. Hanta Virus Deermice and ticks No human to human 2-3 day incubation Cough, pulmonary edema, hemorrhaging, renal failure, achy muscles 60% death rate

33. Ebola 93% death rate Hemorrhagic fever High temperature Blood from orifices

34. Scott lives on a farm in the country. He started feeling sick with flu-like symptoms. After a couple of days, his pupils became dilated and he had difficulty swallowing. His parents rushed him to the emergency room. X-rays revealed that Scott has small lesions forming on his brain. He also had an animal bite on his lower leg. rabies

35. Mary is a 23 year old college student who went to the doctor after several weeks of general sickness. She complained of fatigue, chills, sweating at night, a continuous cough, and slight diarrhea. It was noted during the exam that her glands under her arms and in her neck were swollen. The doctors performed a blood test. HIV

36. A child, age 7, came home from school complaining of a sore throat. Her mom took her fever, which was 102 0 F. The child was taken to the doctor after a couple of days with no improvement. The doctor noticed that she was developing a pink rash and seemed to have an ear infection. She had not been vaccinated with the MMR. What illness does this child likely have? measles

37. Steroids given if severe – boost immune function Usually cause fever Some vaccinations are weakened forms of actual virus Many viruses stay in your system even after recovery

38. A

39. B

40. J