1. Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails Teeth, Eyes, and Ears Chapter 14 Lesson 1, 2, 3, and 4

2. SKIN Structure: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer FUNCTION  Sense organ  Protection barrier  Temperature regulation PROBLEMS  Cancers  Infections  Acne, warts, boils, etc.  Vitiligo-patches of skin have lost all pigment. Melanin –producing cells are destroyed.

3. HOW TO PROTECT YOUR SKIN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llnKogJtpT4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llnKogJtpT4

4. The ABCDs of Melanoma

5. HAIR and NAILS Your Hair  Except for the palm of your hands and the soles of your feet, you have hair on almost every skin surface.  Between 100,000 and 200,000 hairs on your head alone!  Hair follicle: a structure that surrounds the root of a hair.  Function: hair protects skin, esp. the scalp, from exposure to UV radiation. The eyes from dust and other particles. Hair also reduces the amount of heat lost through the skin of the scalp.  Problems:  Dandruff:  Lice: Your Nails  Fingernails and toenails are made of closely packed dead cells that contain keratin.  Function: to protect and support the tissues of the fingers and toes.  Care: clean and trimmed to reduce the risk of infection and ingrown nails.

6. TEETH and MOUTH Structure: crown, neck, root, enamel, dentin, and pulp FUNCTION  Chew foods  Shape and structure of the mouth PROBLEMS  Plaque – cavities  Decay – halitosis: bad breath. Can be caused by eating certain foods, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the tongue, decayed teeth, or gum disease.  Periodontal disease: an inflammation of the periodontal structures.  Tartar-hardened plaque  Malocclusion: “bad bite.” Include: extra teeth, crowded teeth, and the misalignment of the upper and lower jaws.

7. EYES Structure: sclera, choroid, vitreous humor, retina, cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and aqueous humor. FUNCTION  Vision  Image formation  Light PROBLEMS  Myopia- nearsighted -------Hyperopia-farsighted  Astigmatism-curved cornea  Strabismus-weakened eye muscle causing eyes to be off center  Conjunctivitis-pinkeye (infection & swelling of the eyelid)  Sties- inflamed gland near eyelash  Glaucoma-pressure inside the eye causes irreversible damage. Can be “controlled” once diagnosed.  Cataracts-”cloudy eye”-lens can be artificially replaced  Macular Degeneration-leading cause of blindness in ages 60 & over

8. EARS Structure: outer – auricle, middle – eardrum and ossicles, inner - labyrinth FUNCTION  Hearing  Balance PROBLEMS  Conductive hearing loss- soundwaves are not passed to due trauma or blockage  Sensorineural hearing loss-damage to the cochlea  Tinnitus- ringing, buzzing, whistling

9. The Urinary System Chapter 17 lesson 3 Ms. Combs

10. Terms  Urine: liquid waste material.  Kidneys: bean shaped organs about the size of a fist (near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage)  Ureters: tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder.  Urethra: the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body.  Bladder: hollow muscular organ that acts as a reservoir for urine.  Kidney stones: crystallize salt stones. Form when salts in the urine crystallize into a solid stone, usually containing calcium. Small stones can pass naturally through the urinary system with treatment to relieve symptoms. Larger stones need a procedure in which high- intensity sound waves are used to break stones apart so they can pass through the urethra.

11. The Function Of… The Urinary System  Main function is to filter waste and extra fluid form the blood.  Urine consists of water and body wastes that contain nitrogen. These wastes become toxic to cells if they remain in the body for too long. The Kidneys  Remove waste products from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons.  As part of the filtering process, the kidneys adjust the amount of salts, water, and other materials excreted in the urine according to the body’s needs.  They monitor the body’s acid-base balance.  When the body becomes dehydrated, the pituitary gland releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH), stimulating thirst and allowing the kidney to balance the fluid levels in the body.

12. Lymphatic System Chapter 16 Lesson 1,2 Ms. Combs

13. Terms  Lymph: the clear fluid that fills the spaces around body cells.  it is transported by the lymphatic system to the heart and eventually returns to the blood. Lymph is similar to plasma in content, consisting of water and proteins along with fats and lymphocytes.  Lymphocytes: specialized white blood cells that provide the body with immunity.  Pathogen: an organism that causes disease.

14. Function of the Lymphatic System  The lymphatic system helps fight infection and plays an important role in the body’s immunity to disease.  This system, is a network of vessels that helps maintain the balance of fluids in the space between the cells.  The lymphatic system supports the cardiovascular system.

15. Lymphatic System Problems  Immune Deficiency  Hodgkin’s Disease  Tonsillitis