1. Copyright Statements Course materials contained in all PPT files are copyrighted and should not be reprinted or distributed without permission. Students who have registered in this course can use the course materials for educational purpose only.

2. Teaching Assistants Mr. LIU, Tao, liutao@hku.hkliutao@hku.hk Mail Box: 3 rd Floor, Hui Oi Chow Science Bldg Office: G-01B, Hui Oi Chow Science Bldg Tel: 2241-5970 Office hours: Tuesday 5:00-6:00pm Wednesday 5:00-6:00pm

3. Office Hours Wednesday 2:00 ~ 3:00 pm Thursday 2:00 ~ 3:00 pm Important Deadlines 29 th February, Wedn 10:30-12:25 -- Tutorial in class 28 th March –Essay on due Web: http://geog.hku.hk/undergrad/geog1017http://geog.hku.hk/undergrad/geog1017 User ID:GEOG1017 Password:LinP1 (Both ID and password are case-sensitive)

4. Population Geography I. Introduction: What & Why? II. Global Pattern III. Population Growth IV. Population Movement

5. Population Geography Demography: Demography: Describing people in terms of age, sex, education, health etc. Population Geography: Population Geography: Explaining the growth, distribution, movement of people in relation to geographic condition. Questions to be addressed.

6. II. Population Distribution: Global Pattern * Unevenness * North of the equator * 4 areas of concentration

7. The population dominance of the Northern Hemisphere

8. World population density

9. Why? * Geographic factors: coastal location, warm climate, stable precipitation, farm growing season

10. Climates of the world

11. Mean annual precipitation

12. The pattern of precipitation variability

13. Principal wheat-growing areas

14. Why? * Geographic factors * Economic factors * Cultural-historical Existing Population Natural Growth Population Movement

15. II. Population Growth * Accelerated Growth * Doubling Time * Geographically Uneven ~ Why and How? Understanding Population Growth TimePopulation (billion) B.C.0.2 19001.6 20006.0

16. The “doubling time” calculation illustrates the long-range effect of growth rates on populations

17. World population numbers and projections

18. Projected percentage contributions to world population growth, by region, 2000-2050

19. World Population by Continents 2007

20. Some basic concepts - Birth Rate or Crude Birth Rate (CBR) 40,000 birth 2,000,000 Total Pop - Crude Death Rate or Mortality - Natural Population Increase Rate - Total Fertility Rate (TFR) - Replacement Rate - Infant Mortality Rate = 20%

21. Crude birth rates, 2007

22. Crude death rates

23. Annual rates of natural increase

24. Total fertility rate (TFR)

25. Population pyramids Progressive Regressive Intermediate high birth low birth declining birth rates high death low death

27. Summary population pyramids

28. Four patterns of population structure

30. The progression of the “boomers”

32. Population Pyramids Hong Kong

34. World population numbers and projections

35. World birth and death rates to 2005

36. Infant mortality rates for selected countries

37. Explaining accelerated population growth ~ Technological Advancements ~ Increased carrying capacities ~ Changes in culture ~ Economic development - Model of Demographic Transition

38. World population growth 8000 B.C. to A.D. 2000

39. Early beneficiaries of the Green Revolution

40. Effects of the Green Revolution

41. Stages in the demographic transition

42. Population pyramids Progressive Regressive Intermediate high birth low birth declining birth rates high death low death

43. Consequences population growth - Overpopulation Thomas R. Malthus - Homeostatic plateau - Marxist - Mid-Ground geometrically arithmetically

44. The steadily higher homeostatic plateaus

45. IV. Population Movement * Types of Movement ~ Mobility International ~ Migration Internal Voluntary Forced

46. IV. Population Movement * Processes of Migration ~ origin and spread ~ pre-historical

47. IV. Population Movement * Processes of Migration ~ modern time European “Great Migration” Slave Trade Diaspora: Jews, Indians, Chinese

49. Settlement of the Americas and the Pacific basin

50. Principal migrations of recent centuries

53. IV. Population Movement * Reasons of Migration Everett Lee’s push / pull model ~ Physical conditions ~ Economic factors ~ Social factors ~ Political factors

54. Principal migration of females, compared to males, in percentages. Source: SSB (1994)

55. IV. Population Movement * Theories of Migration ~ Ravenstein’s Law of Migration ~ Migration Chains ~ Zelinsky’s mobility transition

57. IV. Population Movement * Consequences of Migration ~ Population structure ~ Remittance ~ Brain drain ~ Political ~ Social