1. Muscular System

2. Agriculture, Food, and, Natural Resource Standards Addressed AS.01.01. Evaluate the development and implications of animal origin, domestication and distribution on production practices and the environment. –AS.01.01.02.a. Research and summarize major components of animal systems.

3. Muscles are contractile organs responsible for the voluntary and involuntary movements of animals.

4. 1.Skeletal muscle - allows for all voluntary movement -appears to be striated when looked at under a microscope.

5. 2.Cardiac muscle -controls the involuntary beating of the heart -appears striated under a microscope.

6. 3.Smooth muscle -responsible for all other involuntary movement, such as breathing, digestion, peristalsis, blinking, etc.

7. Ambulation moving from one place to another

8. Abduction moving away from the median plane

9. Adduction moving towards the median plane

10. Flexion moving the distal part of the limb towards the body

11. Extension moving the distal part of the limb away from the body

12. All muscles can do is CONTRACT or RELAX, so they generally work in pairs.

13. For any particular action, the muscles involved can be classified as: 1)Agonist 2) Antagonist

14. Agonist prime mover of a joint

15. Antagonist opposes movement of the agonist

16. Example For elbow flexion, the agonist is the bicep the antagonist is the tricep.

17. Example For elbow extension, the agonist is the tricep the antagonist is the bicep.

18. Masseter – superficial muscle of the cheek

19. Masseter

20. Trapezius – superficial triangular muscle of the shoulder

21. Trapezius

22. Latissimus dorsi – long, superficial, dorsal muscle that attaches the humerus to the lumbar region of the back

23. Latissimus dorsi

24. Abdominal obliques – large flat muscles that support digestive and reproductive organs

25. External abdominal oblique

26. Gluteals – large muscle of the upper hindquarters

27. Gluteals

28. Biceps femoris – lateral superficial muscle, one of three which forms the “hamstrings”

29. Biceps femoris

30. Biceps brachii – primary flexor of the elbow joint

31. Triceps brachii – primary extensor of the elbow joint

32. Triceps brachii

33. Pectorals – primary adductors of the forelimbs

34. Pectorals

35. Serratus ventralis – attaches forelimb to trunk (no collarbone!)

36. Brachiocephalicus

37. Deltoid

38. Intercostal

39. Semitendinous

40. Gastrocnemius