1. It can sometimes be classed as a superficial muscle, but in most cadavers it lies between the deep and superficial muscle layers. The muscle is a good anatomical landmark in the forearm – the median nerve and ulnar artery pass between its two heads, and then travel posteriorly. Attachments: It has two heads – one originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, the other from the radius from oblique line on the anterior surface of the radial shaft.

2. Insertion:The muscle splits into four tendons at the wrist, which travel through the carpal tunnel behind the flexor retinaculum, and attache to the middle phalanges of the four fingers. On reaching the proximal phalanges each tendon split into two slips,these two then unite and the tendon finally divideds again into two slips which are inserted into the sides of the middle phalanx.the corresponding tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus pass through the division of each superficialis tendon and is inserted into the base of the distal phalanx. Actions: Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers, and flexes at the wrist. Innervation: Median nerve.

3. MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT -DEEP GROUP

4. O:from the middle of the anterior surface of the shaft of the radius and from the adjoining part of the interosseous membrane. I:the tendon pass behind the flexor retinaculum and inserted into the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb.

5. N:anterior interosseous branch of the median N. A:flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb.

6. O:from the three-fourths of the anterior and medial surfaces of the shaft of the ulna and from the adjoining part of the interosseous membrane. I:above the wrist,the muscle divides into four tendons which pass behind flexor digitorum superficialis andflexor retinculum, each tendon passes through a division in the corresponding tendonof the superficialis muscule and is inserted into the base of the distal phalanx.

7. N:the ulnar N supplies the medial half of the M going to the little and ring fingers) the anterior interosseous branch of the median N. supplies the lateral half of the M going to the index and middle fingers). A:flexion of the distal phalanx of the fingers and assist in flexion of the middle and proximal phalanges.also assist in flexion of the wrist.

8. O:from the lower quarter of the anterior surface of the shaft of the ulna. I:lower quarter of the anterior surface of the shaft of the radius. N: the anterior interosseous branch of the median N. A:pronation of the forearm.

12. The radial artery, one of the terminal branches of the brachial artery, arises in the cubial fossa and passes downward and laterally overlapped by the brachioradialis muscle. Observe that in the lower half of the forearm the radial artery emerges on the medial side of the brachioradialis tendon and then lies on the lateral side of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis.

13. Here, the radial artery is covered only by skin and fascia, and it rests posteriorly on the anterior surface of the distal part of the radius. Note that in the middle third of its course the superficial branch of the radial nerve lies lateral to it. The radial artery leaves the forearm by winding around the lateral aspect of the wrist to reach the posterior surface of the hand.

14. 1.Muscular branches to neighboring muscles. 2. Recurrent branch, which joins the arterial anastomosis around the elbow joint. 3. Superficial palmar branch, which arises above the wrist and enters the palm of the hand.

15. The ulnar artery, one of the terminal branches of the brachial artery, arises in the cubital fossa and passes downward, deep to the superficial flexor muscles and the flexor digitorum superficialis.

16. 1.Muscular branches to neighboring muscles. 2. Recurrent branches that join the arterial anastomosis around the elbow joint. 3. Anastomotic branches that take part in the arterial anastomosis around the wrist joint.

17. 4. The common interosseous artery, which arises from the upper part of the ulnar artery and quickly divides into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries. The anterior interosseous artery is small in size and should be followed down the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane between the flexor pollicis longus and the flexor digitorum profundus.

19. Tendon flexor capi radialis? Tendon palmaris longus? Tendon flexor capi ulnaris? Tendon flexor carpi radialis - guide for radial artery. Tendon palmaris longus middle of wrist - guide for median nerve lying deep to it. Tendon flexor carpi ulnaris palpated as it crosses wrist on medial side - guide for ulnar artery and nerve

20. Nerves of the Anterior Compartment

22. ---The median nerve leaves the cubital fossa by passing between the two heads of pronator teres. ---It continues downward adherent to the posterior surface of the flexor digitorum superficialis.

23. ----At the wrist it emerges between the lateral margin of the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and the tendon of flexor carpi radialis. Here it lies posterior to the palmaris longus tendon. ----The median nerve enters the palm by passing posterior to the flexor retinaculum

24. 1. Muscular branches in the cubital fossa to the pronator teres, the flexor carpi radialis, the palmaris longus, and the flexor digitorum superficialis. 2. Articular branches to the elbow joint.

25. 3. Anterior interosseous nerve, which arises as it emerges from between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle. It runs down on the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane. Give branches from to the flexor pollicis longus, the lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus, and the pronator quadratus. 4. Palmar cutaneous branch, Which passes to the skin over the lateral part of the palm.

26. The ulnar nerve enters the forearm from behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Note that it crosses the medial ligament of the elbow joint and passes between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris..

27. The nerve pass downward between the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum profundus muscles. At the wrist observe that the nerve lies between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnar and the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles. The ulnar nerve enters the palm lateral to the pisiform bone, anterior to the flexor retinaculum.

28. 1. Muscular branches to the flexor carpi ulnaris and to the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus. 2. Articular branches to the elbow joint.

29. 3. Palmar cutaneous branch, which arises in the middle of the forearm and supplies the skin over the hypothenar eminence. 4. Dorsal branch, or posterior cutaneous branch, which is large and passes medially between the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulna and is distributed on the posterior surface of the hand and fingers.