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Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)
Nine muscles cross shoulder joint Insert on and move humerus Some originate from scapula, others from axial skeleton Actions include flexion, extension, adduction Three prime movers of arm Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Deltoid © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (cont.)
Rotator cuff muscles act as synergists and fixators; originate on scapula; reinforce shoulder capsule; prevent dislocation Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis Coracobrachialis and teres major: synergists © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.9-1 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)
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Table 10.9-1 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis
Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Medial head Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachio- radialis Anterior view © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.9-2 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)
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Table 10.9-2 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)
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Table 10.9-3 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)
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Table 10.9-3 Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)
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Supraspinatus* Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle
Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. Supraspinatus* Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle of humerus Infraspinatus* Teres minor* Teres major Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Latissimus dorsi Humerus Olecranon of ulna Anconeus Posterior view *Rotator cuff muscles © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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O O Long head Biceps brachii Short head O = origin I = insertion I O
Figure 10.15c-d Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. O O Long head Biceps brachii Short head O = origin I = insertion I O Subscapularis* O Coracobrachialis I Brachialis I *Rotator cuff muscles © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.10: Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm
Walls of fascia divide arm into two compartments Anterior muscles Posterior muscles © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.10-1 Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Supraspinatus* Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle
Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. Supraspinatus* Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle of humerus Infraspinatus* Teres minor* Teres major Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Latissimus dorsi Humerus Olecranon of ulna Anconeus Posterior view *Rotator cuff muscles © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.10-2 Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm (continued)
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Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis
Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Medial head Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachio- radialis Anterior view © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
Divided into anterior and posterior muscles Most anterior muscles are flexors; insert via flexor retinaculum Most posterior muscles are extensors; insert via extensor retinaculum Further divided into superficial and deep muscles © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (cont.)
Actions: movements of wrist, fingers, thumb, as well as pronation and supination of forearm Pronator teres and pronator quadratus pronate forearm Supinator: synergist with biceps brachii in forearm supination © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (cont.)
Anterior muscles Consist of five superficial and three deep muscles Most arise from common flexor tendon attached to medial epicondyle of humerus Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist by flexor retinaculum © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.11-1 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
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Table 10.11-1 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.11-2 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)
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Superficial transverse ligament of palm Palmar aponeurosis Flexor
Figure 10.16a Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers. Superficial transverse ligament of palm Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum Pronator quadratus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis longus Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Brachio- radialis Pronator teres Tendon of biceps brachii Medial epicondyle of humerus Medial head of triceps brachii Biceps brachii © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis Tendon of brachioradialis
Figure 10.16b Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers. Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis Tendon of brachioradialis (cut) Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut) Pronator quadratus Tendon of flexor carpi radialis (cut) Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Supinator Tendon of biceps brachii (cut) © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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digitorum superficialis (cut) Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
Figure 10.16c Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers. Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis (cut) Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus Lumbricals Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Thenar muscles of thumb Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut) Pronator quadratus Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Supinator © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (cont.)
Posterior muscles Consists of four superficial and four deep muscles All are innervated by the radial nerve or its branches Most arise from common flexor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist by extensor retinaculum © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.11-3 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)
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Table 10.11-4 Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)
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Extensor digiti minimi
Figure 10.17a Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers. Extensor expansion Tendons of extensor digitorum Tendons of extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Abductor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Anconeus Insertion of triceps brachii Extensor carpi radialis longus Brachioradialis © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Interossei Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis
Figure 10.17b Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers. Interossei Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Abductor pollicis longus Supinator Anconeus Olecranon of ulna © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.12-1 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand
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Table 10.12-2 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (continued)
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Table 10.12-3 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (continued)
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Posterior compartment of arm (extends elbow); innervated by
Figure 10.18a Summary: Actions of muscles of the right arm and forearm. Key: Extensors Flexors Others Lateral head Posterior compartment of arm (extends elbow); innervated by radial nerve Triceps brachii Long head Medial head Humerus Brachialis Short head Biceps brachii Long head Muscles of the arm Anterior compartment of arm (flexes elbow); innervated by musculocutaneous nerve © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Key: Extensors Flexors Others Posterior compartment of forearm
Figure 10.18b Summary: Actions of muscles of the right arm and forearm. Key: Extensors Flexors Others Posterior compartment of forearm (extends wrist and fingers); innervated by radial nerve Extensors Radius Ulna Abductor pollicis longus Others Pronator teres Flexors Brachioradialis (elbow flexor) Muscles of the forearm Anterior compartment of forearm (flexes wrist and fingers); innervated by median or ulnar nerve © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers
Small, weak muscles that lie entirely within palm of hand control precise movements of metacarpals and fingers (example: threading a needle) Abductors and adductors of fingers produce opposition—move thumb toward little finger Flexion: thumb bends medially along palm, and fingers bend anteriorly Extension: thumb points laterally, and fingers move posteriorly © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)
Flexion and extension © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)
Abduction and adduction © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.)
Three muscle groups Thenar eminence (ball of thumb) Hypothenar eminence (ball of the little finger) Each of above groups has flexor, abductor, and opponens muscle Midpalmar muscles: lumbricals and interossei extend fingers Interossei muscles also abduct and adduct fingers © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Table 10.13-1 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers
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Table 10.13-2 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (continued)
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Table 10.13-3 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (continued)
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Figure 10.19a Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
Tendons of: Flexor digitorum profundus Fibrous sheath Flexor digitorum superficialis Second lumbrical Dorsal interossei Third lumbrical First lumbrical Adductor pollicis Fourth lumbrical Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens digiti minimi Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Opponens pollicis Abductor digiti minimi Flexor retinaculum Pisiform bone Abductor pollicis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon Tendons of: Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons Flexor carpi radialis Flexor pollicis longus First superficial layer © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.19b Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
Flexor digitorum profundus tendon Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon Dorsal interossei Palmar interossei Adductor pollicis Opponens digiti minimi Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor digiti minimi brevis (cut) Abductor pollicis brevis Abductor digiti minimi (cut) Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis longus tendon Second layer © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.19c Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
Palmar interossei Palmar interossei (isolated) © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Figure 10.19d Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand.
Dorsal interossei Dorsal interossei (isolated) © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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