1. Livestock Production Kola Ajuwon Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution. Animal Sciences

2. Challenges for Agriculture  34% more people  40% more food  10% more arable land  Renewable energy  Societal accountability Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution. FAO 2006 0.6% more calories/person/yr from ASF *Animal products consumption increases with increasing wealth*

3. Challenges to animal agriculture Climate change Disease challenge Limited feed resources Need to minimize impact of animal agriculture on the environment Institutional and structural problems in developing countries

4. Animal Sciences Impact of Climate Change and Animal Production – Impact on grassland and rangeland productivity: effect on quantity and quality of feed materials – More heat distress to animals will depress animal feed intake and result in poor growth performance. – Limited water resources-negative impact on animal productivity and strain on waste management systems – Incidence of vector-borne diseases could increase due to the expansion of vector populations into cooler areas – Danger of biodiversity loss Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

5. Animal Sciences Institutional and Structural Challenges to Animal Production in Africa Socio-economic and institutional constraints: – It’s subsistence nature - low input, low investment, low performance – Low level and rate of investment (fixed assets, infrastructure and research) and inadequate funding of the non-salary portion of recurrent expenditure for services including research. – Inappropriate pricing, marketing, land tenure – Administrative and organizational inefficiency in the purchase and distribution of production inputs and the extension of credit exacerbate the problems. Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

6. Animal Sciences Institutional and Structural Challenges to Animal Production in Africa Technical constraints: – Animal feed and nutrition – Genetic factors – Animal health and disease problems – Inadequate management practices. Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

7. Animal Sciences Challenges to Animal Production In Africa: Ghana Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

8. Animal Sciences Challenges to Animal Production In Africa: Ghana “We’ve started discussions on the measures with stakeholders, and very soon we will implement them. We are capable of serving our people better, provided these hurdles are cleared,” said Deputy Minister of Agriculture in-charge of Livestock, Dr. Tia Alfred Sugri, during a debate for Ghanaian GTV television network. “Sugri admitted that the poultry industry has been facing some challenges and that government plans to support farmers to grow more soya in large quantities for the poultry sector.” Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

9. Animal Sciences Challenges to Animal Production In Africa: Ghana – “The Deputy Minister called later, this Tuesday, for heavy investment in the livestock and poultry sectors to enhance the competitiveness of local production to address Ghana’s meat deficit, which stands at 50 per cent, as well as to lower costs and add value to Ghanaian animal products” – Policies that created opportunity to import poultry, had greater weight than the stimulus for local production Low tariffs on imported meat Lack of subsidies for local farmers High interest rates or poor access to credits for local farmers Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

10. Animal Sciences Making sense of Nigeria's Fulani-farmer conflict Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

11. Animal Sciences Making sense of Nigeria's Fulani-farmer conflict – Destruction of crops, contamination of streams by cattle, over-grazing of land, disregard for local traditional authorities, female harassment, harassment of nomads by youths of host communities, indiscriminate bush burning, defecation of cattle on roads, cattle theft, and straying of cattle. – Socioeconomic effects of the conflicts: reduction in crop yield and income of farmers/nomads, displacement of farmers, loss of lives and property and loss of products in storage. – – A. U. Ofuoku and B. I. Isife. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 1(2) pp. 047-054 June, 2009 Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

12. Animal Sciences Making sense of Nigeria's Fulani-farmer conflict “During the dry season, grasses and forage dry up and the nomads believe that if the dried vegetation is burnt, fresh pasture would regenerate. In the process of burning, the fire spreads into adjourning farms. This, according to the respondents, causes conflict between the affected farmers and the herders as crops on the field are destroyed by the spreading fire.” – A. U. Ofuoku and B. I. Isife. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 1(2) pp. 047-054 June, 2009 Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

13. Animal Sciences Making sense of Nigeria's Fulani-farmer conflict – Failure of government: Nomads often own no land. Policy measures on pasture availability-communal pastures with improved forages – “On conflicts between farmers and herdsmen, President Buhari said that a plan to map out grazing areas will soon be presented to the Nigerian Governors Forum as a temporary solution to the frequent conflicts until cattle owners are persuaded to adopt other means of rearing their cattle”. http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

14. How can we work together Managerial and technical capacity development Develop new feed resources and methods to optimize efficiency of animal nutrient utilization- e.g. use of feed enzymes, improved genetics, disease management Collaborate with on development and improvement of pastures, management, housing, processing, waste management in peri-urban farms in Nigeria and other African countries

15. Animal Sciences Goat Production in Zambia Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

16. Animal Sciences Goat Production in Zambia Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

17. Animal Sciences Goat Production in Zambia Purdue University is an Equal Opportunity/Equal Access Institution.

18. Working together Animals under improved management gained 0.5 kg more than control animals!!!