1. Chapter 24, Lessons 4 & 5 War at Home & Searching for Peace

2. Mobilizing the Nation After US declared war in 1917, began mobilization: gathering resources and prepare for war Raised $ by selling war bonds & industry made war materials Food Administration encouraged rationing: limiting use “Heatless Mondays” to save coal & oil

3. Public Opinion German & Irish Americans sympathized w/ Central Powers Socialists (public should own industries) opposed war because rich business owners would profit Pacifists (people who oppose violence) were against the war

4. Dissent Dissenters (to disagree or oppose) had their patriotism questioned Espionage Act of 1917 made harsh penalties for spying Sabotage Act of 1918 penalized those who destroyed war materials Sedition Act made printed or written criticism of gov’t a crime

5. Peace Jan 1919, leaders from 27 nations met in Paris Europe was destroyed 1-2 millions lives lost in Russia, France, Germany, & Austria-Hungary

6. 14 Points Pres Wilson’s 14 Points outlined his plan for peace, adjusting boundaries in Europe, new nations, free trade & freedom on sea, no secret treaties, limits on military arms Nat’l self-determination: people had to determine their gov’t, difficult in regions w/ multiple cultures League of Nations was to preserve peace, didn’t work when some nations put themselves first

7. Peace Talks Germany & Russia not invited Big Four: Wilson (US), Lloyd George (Great Britain), Georges Clemenceau (France), & Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Not much support for 14 Points All but Wilson wanted revenge, some wanted Germany broken up and to make reparations: payments for war damage

8. Treaty of Versailles Allies & Germany signed Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919 Germany had to pay Allies billions of $ Germany disarm, give up colonies Realigned borders of Russia & Austria-Hungary Led to future border disputes & conflicts League of Nations included to fix mistakes http://youtu.be/gKzZ1OwPXgk

9. Opposition at Home Senate had to ratify (agree to) treaty Some felt it too harsh on Germany Republicans could make Wilson look bad Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Mass opposed the treaty & League of Nations Wilson suffers stroke Senate rejects treaty & US never joins League