1. The Nile Valley Egypt’s Old Kingdom The Egyptian Empire The Civilization of Kush

2.  Location

3.   Egyptians relied on it for drinking water, irrigation, cooking, cleaning, transportation, fish…  4,000 miles – The World’s Longest River!  Large ships can only travel on the last 650 miles because of crazy rapids called cataracts The Nile River Valley

4.  Deserts  West of the Nile is the Saharan Desert  East of the Nile is the Eastern Desert Protection  Deserts, the marsh land of the delta & cataracts provided Ancient Egypt with natural barriers to fend off enemies! Waterways  The Nile, the Mediterranean, & the Red Sea Geography

5.   Regular flooding means less worrying about crops!  Floods left behind fertile mud that looked black  Kemet = Black Land  Irrigation meant healthy crops of wheat, barley, & flax seed The River People

7.   Made from a reed plant  Used to make baskets, sandals, river rafts, paper Papyrus

8.   Complex writing system; had picture & sound symbols Hieroglyphics

9.   Cartouche Project: Print out the blank cartouche and make a copy for each student.  Have the students take the cartouche home and make the paper look old. They could do this several ways (the best is to place the cartouche paper in a deep pan, pour coffee or dark tea over it, then bake it in the oven for a few minutes).  Have the students bring the cartouche back to class and then they can write their name on it in hieroglyphics.  They can also add some Egyptian pictures and color it with earth tones. Cartouche Project

10.   Today, I will learn about when Egypt united under one ruler. I will learn about dynasties, the social class structure of Ancient Egypt, and Egyptian life. Monday, September 19, 2011

11.   Villages grew into kingdoms  Strong kingdoms took over weak kingdoms.  Eventually, there were 2 large kingdoms: Lower Egypt – the Nile delta Upper Egypt – upriver; to the south Their names may seem backwards…but it’s called “Upper” and “Lower” because of their elevation…not because they are North or South. Upper & Lower Egypt

12. Upper Egypt- is higher in elevation Lower Egypt (the river delta is lower in elevation) Wait…Upper Egypt is south & Lower Egypt is North?!

13.   ~ 3100 B.C., Egypt’s 2 major kingdoms were combined into 1…thanks, King Narmer (aka Menes MEE-neez)  Capital at that time was in Memphis  Narmer’s dynasty lasted long after his death  dynasty = a line of rulers from one family  Ancient Egypt had 31 dynasties A United Egypt

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15.  Assignment Section 1 Review: On a piece of headed paper: Complete # 1-7 on page 46. Do your BEST work!

16.   Today, I will learn that Egypt was ruled by all-powerful pharaohs, that the Egyptians believed in many gods and goddesses & in life after death for the pharaohs. The Egyptians of the Old Kingdom built huge stone pyramids as tombs for their pharaohs. Wednesday, September 21, 2011

17.  1.It is a reed plant that was used to make baskets, sandals, river rafts, and paper. 2.Women could own and pass on property, buy & sell goods, make wills, obtain divorces, and take part in religious ceremonies. 3.Farming, Crafts, Trade led to the growth of government in Ancient Egypt. 4.The Nile River valley had natural barriers for protection, enriched soil for farming, & the river and seas for trade. 5.Picture symbols (hieroglyphics) stood for objects, ideas & sounds. 6.It symbolized the unity of Upper & Lower Egypt. 7.Answers will vary. Section 1 Review Answers

18.  Write the word and the definition for: hieroglyphics, dynasty, papyrus, cataract, delta 1.The Nile River – the longest river in the world – is ____________ miles long. 2.The Egyptians took advantage of the Nile’s yearly spring flooding by becoming successful ___________. 3.After 3100 B.C, Egypt’s government was a __________. 4.A diagram of Egypt’s social classes looks like a _________. 5.Two ways Mesopotamia & Egypt are the same are: _____________ & _______________. Quiz 2-1 The Nile Valley

19.   Today, I will continue to learn about Egypt’s Old Kingdom. I will review what we learned on Wednesday about pharaohs & their religion. I will then take notes & read about their beliefs in life after death, the pyramids, and the Great Pyramid in particular. Friday, September 23, 2011

20.   2600 B.C. – 2300 B.C  Egypt grew & became wealthy  Built cities  Expanded trade  Kings set up a strong government Egypt’s Old Kingdom

21.   Powerful ruler, unlimited power  Appointed officials to do their work  People believed the pharaoh was the son of Re (the sun god) Pharaohs

22.   Polytheism “many gods or deities”  Major gods Re – the sun god Hapi – goddess of the Nile Isis – represented loyal wife & mother; Osiris’s wife; goddess of the dead Osiris – Isis’s husband; god of the dead Egypt’s Religion

23.   The Book of the Dead – collection of spells & prayers that Egyptians studied to obtain life after death  Osiris would meet them upon death & they would have to say the spells to have life after death  Wanted bodies to be preserved for afterlife (embalmed mummies)  Embalming = a process to preserve dead bodies Life after Death

24.   Mountain-like tombs for pharaohs  Built by slaves & farmers during Nile floods  Entrance faced North The Pyramids

25.   First specialists in medicine  365-day calendar with 12 months  Math - numbers based on 10 - fractions - advances in geometry Egyptian Inventions

26.   Built in 2540 B.C  Largest & grandest of all the pyramids  Built for King Khufu  In Giza on the west bank of the Nile The Great Pyramid

27.   Turn in your green folder.  Make sure you have all your stuff!  Sharpen your pencil (the sharpener is back in action)!  Sit quietly and wait for WCMS. Tuesday, September 27, 2011

28.   Today, I will read about and discuss Ancient Egypt’s Middle & New Kingdom. I will learn about important Egyptian people like Queen Hatshepsut, Akhenaton, Tutankhamen, and Ramses II. Tuesday, September 27, 2011

29.   Each person will read a section. You will have 15minutes.  You will have 20 minutes to discuss as a group & take notes on what you all think are the most important things to know about this section.  Red – The Middle Kingdom p. 60  Green – The New Kingdom p. 61  Yellow – The Legacies of 2 Pharaohs p.64  Blue – The End of the New Kingdom p.65 Jigsaw Reading

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31.   2050 B.C.E – 1670 C.E  Everything was good: stable, became more rich, and powerful  Capital moved from Memphis to Thebes  Nobles started fighting for power, got distracted & wham!...  the Hyksos attacked & ruled Egypt for 120 years! The Middle Kingdom

32.   Lasted from 1550 B.C.E – 1080 C.E  Height of Egypt’s glory  Ahmose (Egyptian Prince…how dreamy!) drove out the Hyksos  Queen Hatshepsut - 1 st Woman Pharaoh…sweet! interested in trade (economy), not war (conquests).  ruled for 21 years & it was peaceful.  Thutmose III – put the focus back on conquest The New Kingdom

33. Ahmose Hatshepsut Thutmose III

34.   Akhenaton – tried to change the religion…wow…that must have REALLY upset a lot of people! He was so focused on his new religion, enemies came and took a bunch of their land!  Tutankhamen (his son-in-law) – was 10 when he became king. That’s younger than y’all…yikes! Ruled for 9 years and died mysteriously.  King Tut didn’t really do much, but his tomb was discovered un-looted, so all the good stuff was still in there. Cool! The Legacies of 2 Pharaohs

35.   Pharaohs tried to get Egypt back on its feet.  Ramses II did a good job of this.  He helped regain lands, rebuilt the empire, built a lot of new temples (they were banks too). Whaaaat?! – He had many wives and more than 100 kids! Here we go again…the Egyptian empire fell because another group had better weapons! Poor Egypt. They didn’t have any iron ore.  The End of the New Kingdom

36.   Remember how the Assyrians were the 1 st empire & they had iron weapons that they had learned to make from the Hittites? You gotta have good weapons to have an empire.  Remember how when people start fighting for power, they get so distracted that another group is waiting on the sidelines ready to attack while no one is looking? This happens a lot in history… Ohhhh, yeaaah!...