1. The Beginning of the End…. 2014 end of war

2. Can we have peace without victory?

3. Russia leaves the War Bolshevik Revolution Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Lenin pulls Russian troops out in 1918 Germany can focus on the West

4. TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK

5. reintroduction of sub-warfare 6 weeks food left 470 ships sunk

7. 1917: U.S. Enters the War Lusitania Submarine warfare Zimmerman note Cultural & economic ties

8. Zimmerman Telegram

9. Victory! March 1918—final showdown Germans are exhausted Kaiser forced to step down & flees to the Netherlands Germany seeks armistice

10. Woodrow Wilson delivers war message Woodrow Wilson 14 points make world safe for democracy

11. Fourteen Points End secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Arms reductions Self-determination League of Nations

12. Armistice cessation of fighting, not surrender Foch November 11, 1918 11:00 AM

13. Armistice lines in Europe 1918

14. Costs of the War Loss of life and property

15. Total Casualties in World War I

16. Casualties of World War I Allies

18. Casualties of World War I Central Powers

20. Total Casualties in World War I

21. Esnes

22. The Fragile Peace…

23. 2. The Allied Powers England FranceItaly United States

24. The “Big Four” Paris Peace Conference Lloyd George Clemenceau D’OrlandoWilson

25. 1. Security for France 2. Reparations: Rebuild damaged French industry Clemenceau The “Big Four” Paris Peace Conference

26. Lloyd George Destroy German navy Acquire German colonies Reparations The “Big Four” Paris Peace Conference But… He wants Germany strong enough to block Communist spread

27. Obtain territory promised in secret treaty D’Orlando The “Big Four” Paris Peace Conference

28. No annexation No punitive damages Self-determination Wilson “Peace without victory ”

29. Fourteen Points End secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Arms reductions Self-determination League of Nations

30. Hall of Mirrors at peace signing 35 nations attended actually 5 treaties

31. The Treaty of Versailles Germany accepts full blame Reparations (>$30 billion) Limited German military Alsace-Lorraine returned to France Germany stripped of colonies

32. new nations

33. loss of territory

34. new nations

36. Members non-Members Resigned League of Nations

38. Who is responsible for the war? Peace of Europe

39. Can we have peace without victory?