1. Bell Work: Ancient Egypt KWL Know Want to Know/Should Know Learned

2. Ancient Egypt

3. A. Background– 3100-1100 BCE 1. Borrow farming and writing ideas from ________ 2. Replaced ___________ as dynasty of the region B. River Valley Civilization: ____ River 1. Flows _____ for 4145 miles 2. Fertile soil at _____ 3. Provided _________ 4. Flooding _________ (July) 5. Flax, wheat, barley, grapes 6. Cataract=Waterfall Sumerians Mesopotamia Nile north delta protection predictable

4. Irrigation of the Nile Shadoof Basins

5. Ancient Egypt C. Upper Egypt=South/Lower=North D. Rulers called ________ (divine) 1. Centralized government 2. Vizier watched over government E. Writing called ____________ 1. Develop paper like _______ F. Women with rights 1. Divorce, land, $, trade 2. First ever female ruler (Hatshepsut) G. Great architects 1. Pyramids, obelisks, dams etc. pharaohs hieroglyphics papyrus

6. The Annual Flooding of the Nile

7. Papyrus  Paper Papyrus Plant Hieratic Scroll Piece

8. Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

9. Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship 110100100010,000100,0001,000,000 What number is this?

10. An Egyptian Woman’s “Must- Haves” Perfume Whigs Mirror

11. Powerful pharaohs created a large empire that reached the Euphrates River. Hatshepsut encouraged trade. Ramses II expanded Egyptian rule to Syria. Egyptian power declined. Nubians rule...eventually conquered by Assyrians & Persians w/ iron weapons Large drainage project created arable farmland. Traders had contacts with Middle East and Crete. Corruption and rebellions were common. Hyksos invaded and occupied the delta region. Pharaohs organized a strong central state, were absolute rulers, and were considered gods. Egyptians built pyramids at Giza. Houses made of reed/mud, sun baked bricks (high land) Most lived along Nile & farm Power struggles, crop failures, and cost of pyramids contributed to the collapse NEW KINGDOM 1550-1100 BCE MIDDLE KINGDOM 2050-1800 BCE OLD KINGDOM 2700-2200 BCE Three Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt 1

12. Majestic Tombs Old Kingdom=Pyramid Age Millions of limestone blocks each weighed about 2.5 tons No iron tools or wheeled vehicles yet. Used ramps and pulley systems Suggest strength of civilization. Farmers worked on them during the off season

13. H. Religion: __________ (Sun-God Amon-Re) 1. Believe need Earthly things in next life 2. Leads to ____________---why? 3. _________ built to house tombs >Buried w/ riches—problem? >Pyramids of Giza 4. King Tut’s tomb found in 1922 (Valley of Kings) I. Ramses the Great-best ruler (1279-1213 BCE) 1. Expansion, great tomb polytheistic mummification Pyramids

14. Queen Hatshepsut Outstanding ruler of the new kingdom She ruled because the heir to the throne was not of age yet. She dressed as a man to seek approval of the citizens. Encouraged trade relations with Mediterranean countries Sent expeditions down to Punt/Africa. Brought back new fragrances, medicines, animals.

15. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus

16. Preparations for the Underworld Priests protected your KA, or soul- spirit ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.

17. Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron 2. Sawdust 7. Onion 3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud 4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads 5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

18. Preparation for the Afterlife

19. Egyptian Mummies Seti I 1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II 1210-1200 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E.

20. Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife

21. Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

22. Giza Pyramid Complex

23. Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

24. Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb

25. King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask 1336-1327 B. C. E.

26. King Tutankhamun’s Tomb

27. Treasures From Tut’s Tomb

28. Abu Simbel: Monument to Ramses II 1279-1213 B. C. E.