1. P ACKET S WITCHING B EST P RACTICES February 27, 2001 K ARL F. R AUSCHER Chair - Focus Group 2, Subcommittee A2 Director – Bell Labs Network Reliability, Lucent Technologies Network Reliability and Interoperability Council V

2. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 2 Charter Membership Deliverables Timeline Recommendations / Next Steps Outline

3. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 3 Charter The purpose of the Packet Switching Best Practices Subcommittee is to provide recommendations for the FCC and to the telecommunications industry that, when implemented, will assure optimal reliability of public telecommunications networks. The duties of the Subcommittee will be to gather the data and information necessary to prepare studies, reports, and recommendations for assuring optimal packet switched network reliability within the parameters set forth in the NRIC V Charter. The Subcommittee will also monitor future developments to ensure that network reliability is not at risk. Building on the work of NRIC IV, as appropriate, the Subcommittee will continue to develop best practices recommendations and refine or modify, as appropriate, best practices recommendations. The Subcommittee will evaluate and report on the extent to which telecommunications common carriers and equipment suppliers are using best practices recommendations and applicable ANSI Committee T-1 standards, and identify ways to increase the use of best practices and relevant Committee T-1 standards by telecommunications service providers and equipment suppliers. The Subcommittee’s scope includes packet switching-based wireless network services.

4. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 4 Equipment Suppliers Others Membership: Strong Industry Representation Service Providers and/or Network Operators Service Providers and/or Network Operators AT&T PJ Aduskevicz, Chair 2.B1 Rick Canaday* BellSouth Marc Schwait Covad Communications Michael Marchando* Level3 Doug Sicker, S.C. Vice Chair Worldcom Ahmed Patel Qwest Jamal Boudhaouia Sprint Danmei Wu SBC Communications Jim Lankford* Arvind Mallya Verizon Wayne Chiles* WINFirst Rich Baughman Alcatel Ken Biholar Cisco Systems Art Reilly* Juniper Networks Fred Stringer LongBoard Philip Patrick* Lucent Technologies Anil Macwan* Karl Rauscher, CHAIR Nortel Networks Dean Henderson* Marconi Communications Brad Nelson FCC Kent Nilsson, D.F.O. Whitey Thayer* Mitretek Systems Michael Caloyannides, Chair 2.B2 Telcordia Technologies Rick Harrison, Chair 2.A1 Gary Hayward* SAIC Hank Kluepfel* USTA Norb Lucash* Memberships include: ASQ, ATM Forum, IEC, IEEE CQR, IPDR, ISC, NIIF, NRSC, NSTAC, QuEST, RQMS Forum, SIP Forum, T1A1, TL9000 (see Slide 15) * Task Group Leaders

5. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 5 Membership: Balanced Industry Representation New representation –~50% of organizations are new contributors to NRIC Best Practices Strong representation of industry expertise –inclusive representation across packet switching technology: frame relay, ATM, IP, hybrids –broad representation across network “space”: core, access, gateway, edge, softswitch, feature server –balanced representation across industry roles: service providers, equipment suppliers, industry fora, others –diverse representation across perspectives: pre-IPO/start-up, acquisitions/mergers, incumbents Active representation –8 subject matter experts per representative –800 person-hours in 2.A2 Subcommittee Best Practice discussions

6. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 6 Deliverables Network Reliability Best Practice Recommendations for Packet Switched Telecommunications Network Services Refinement / Modification of Existing (Circuit Switching) Best Practices New Best Practices Evaluation of the industry use of Best Practices Recommendations to implement and increase the use of Best Practices Final Report to the Nation on Packet Switching Best Practices Special Reports from Monitoring Industry Developments or Specific Network Outages Progress to Date

7. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 7 “Refine or modify” existing Best Practices Reviewed 232 NRIC IV Best Practice Recommendations review was thorough 100% satisfaction rating for pace of review discussions (team survey) >1,000 changes 97% applicable to packet switching 18% applicable “as is” 82% refined or modified (Slide 9 example) Deliverables – Progress to Date 97% Applicable 18% “As Written” 82% “Refined/Modified” 3% NOT Applicable 232 Existing Best Practices 190 Applicable Best Practices

8. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 8 “Develop” New Best Practices 65 new Best Practices (proposed) (Slide 10 example) Recommendations for an improved interface to Best Practices Recommended new categories / keywords / indices Deliverables – Progress to Date EXISTING Essential Services Network Elements Service Provider Procedural Facilities Supplier Power Fire NEW Network Procurement Network Operations Network Design Security Policy +

9. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 9 Existing Best Practices Examples NE02 Placement of network elements in central office a secure environment - In an effort tTo provide ensure service assurance (thatmaintainabilityenance, connectivity, security, reliability), procedures are consistent with other telephony network elements and the availability of qualified maintenance personnel are enhanced, service critical network databases primarily used for call carrying / call handling functions (e.g. directory server, feature server, service control points, network databases, etc.) should be placed in a central office telephony environment secure environment. PW01 Place strong emphasis on human activities related to the operation of central office power systems (e.g. maintenance procedures, alarm system operation and response procedures, and training for operations personnel craft).

10. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 10 New Best Practices Examples ND1 Network Operators and Service Providers should engineer and monitor packet networks within capacity limits of their network design (e.g., respect limitations of deployed packet switches, routers and interconnects. Network Design / Network Operations / Service Provider / Procedures NDC5A Traffic monitoring and trending, forecasting, simulated failure analysis and emergency procedures should be designed and implemented in packet networks. Network Design / Network Operations / Service Provider / Procedures NO1A Service Providers and Network Operators should route harmful or malicious traffic to a safe location to facilitate tracing back to source(s). Security / Network Operations / Service Provider / Procedures

11. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 11 Deliverables – Progress to Date “Monitor future developments” California Energy Crisis – Rolling Commercial Power Blackouts Situation under review SBC confirmed that NRIC Power Best Practices are effective in preventing network outages “[SBC has conducted an] analysis of the impact that electric rolling blackouts have had on Pacific Bell. To date, the impact has been minimal, with no affect on [network level] customer service. Based on criticality, in addition to backup generators, all Pacific Bell Central Offices and remotes have 4 or more hours of backup battery.” (more detail on Slide 16) - James Lankford, Regional Manager – National Security Emergency Preparedness (NSEP), SBC [DRAFT] NRIC V Power Best Practices are available at www.nric.org

12. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 12 |--------| planned actual, in progress actual, completed |--------| planned actual, in progress actual, completed Timeline

13. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 13 Recommendations / Next Steps The Subcommittee encourages Council member organizations, and other participating organizations, to continue contributions to the Best Practice industry effort The Subcommittee highly recommends that Power Best Practices be deployed to address Commercial Power Outage concerns; current draft available at: www.nric.org The Subcommittee expects to be requesting Council members to fund an industry survey to evaluate the use of Best Practices

14. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 14 Acknowledgements Kent Nilsson, FCC NRIC V Designated Federal Officer FACA clarifications, recruiting of security SMEs Tricia Paoletta, Doug Sicker, Andrew Dugan, Level3 / NRIC V Steering Committee Leadership leadership, coordination, and support Pete Lessek, Bill V. Robinson, Lucent Technologies support for active participation, commitment to Q&R in industry Subcommittee members and organizations (listed on Slide 4) time, resources, expertise, concern for the best interests of the industry

15. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 15 Represented Organizations ASQ American Society for Quality ATM Forum Asynchronous Transfer Mode Forum IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE CQR IEEE Communications Society Technical Committee on Communications Quality & Reliability IPDR IPDR Internet Protocol Data Record Organization ISC International Softswitch Consortium NIIF ATIS Network Interconnection Interoperability Forum NRSC ATIS Network reliability Steering Committee NSTAC National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee QuEST Quality Excellence for Suppliers of Telecommunications RQMS Forum Telcordia Reliability and Quality Measurements for Telecommunications Systems SIP Forum SIP Forum Session Initiation Protocol Forum T1A1 ATIS Committee T1, Performance & Signal Processing

16. NRIC V Focus Group 2.A2 Packet Switching Best Practices Network Reliability 9/26/2016 K. F. Rauscher 16 California - Electrical Rolling Black-Outs Pacific Bell - Best Practices Pacific Bell has not instituted any new Best Practices due to the rolling electrical blackouts that have been experienced in Northern California during the last couple of months. The Electrical Utilities notify, by media announcements, the blocks (geographic areas) that are going to be affected. The Electrical Utilities are sensitive to SECURITY and take appropriate measures to NOT identify exact geographic locations affected by the rolling black-outs until it is publicly announced. The blackouts are implemented by staggering blocks, example: block 1 blackout begins at say 3:00 p.m. and lasts until 4:30 p.m., block 2 begins at 4:00 p.m. and lasts until 5:30 p.m. and so on. There is no consistency in how the blocks are configured therefore it is extremely difficult to take precautionary measures. The Electrical Utilities in Northern California have issued Stage 3 alerts for 34 straight days. This past weekend was the first time that a Stage 3 alert was not issued. The Electrical Utilities are purchasing electrical power on a daily basis that creates a situation of uncertainty. Pacific Bell utilizes existing Emergency Preparedness Methods and Procedures (M&P) to deal with the situation. The primary M&P's being used by Pacific Bell are listed below. · As soon as Pacific Bell receives notification of a rolling blackout a conference bridge is established. · Personnel in the Network Operations Centers (NOC's) are notified to be on the lookout for Central Office (includes remotes) power alarms. · Pacific Bell has backup generators in all Central Offices that have automatic start and switch over capabilities. · Power alarms include backup generator did not start, generator did not switch from commercial to backup, etc. · Once a power alarm is received, technicians are dispatched to the Central Office. To date, there has been no adverse affect on any Pacific Bell Central Office. Based on criticality, in addition to backup generators all Pacific Bell Central Offices have 4 or more hours of backup battery. James Lankford, Regional Manager National Security Emergency Preparedness (NSEP), SBC