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Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK 1 Basic Wireless Infrastructure and Topologies Developed by Sebastian.

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Presentation on theme: "Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK 1 Basic Wireless Infrastructure and Topologies Developed by Sebastian."— Presentation transcript:

1 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 1 Basic Wireless Infrastructure and Topologies Developed by Sebastian Buettrich and Alberto Escudero Pascual

2 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 2 Goals To be aware of the most common wireless topologies To be able to identify and plan suitable topologies for real scenarios To give a brief introduction to practical setup

3 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 3 Table of Contents Basic Network Topologies Topologies in wireless networking Wireless Components (AP, clients) Wireless Modes (ad hoc, infrastructure) Practical cases (incl. setup) –Ad hoc, Star, PtP, Repeating and Mesh Real life examples

4 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 4 Basic Network Topologies

5 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 5 Topologies Relevant for Wireless Networking Star Yes, standard wireless topology TreeYes (a combination of star and line) LineYes, with two or more elements (PtP) Mesh Yes, mainly partial mesh Ring Possible, but rarely found Bus Not applicable. Why?

6 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 6 Some General Remarks Wireless communication needs no medium – EM waves travel through “nothing” –The “line” in a network diagram is the connection that is being made Wireless communication is always 2-way –Except for passive sniffing –Applies to transmitters/receivers, clients/masters

7 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 7 Wireless Components Access Point –Wireless transmitter/receiver that bridges between wireless nodes and a wired network – IEEE 802.11 + Wired Ethernet connection Wireless clients –Any computer with a wireless network adapter card that transmits and receives RF signals –Laptop, PDA, surveillance equipment, VoIP phone

8 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 8 Two Basic Wireless Modes 1.Ad Hoc (IBSS) 2.Infrastructure (BSS)

9 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 9 Mode 1: Ad hoc (Peer-to-peer) Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) No need of central access point All nodes need to use the same SSID and channel Not scalable

10 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 10 Mode 2: Infrastructure Extended Service Set (ESS) Central access point is needed “Connects“ a WLAN to an Ethernet network Clients and AP's must use the same SSID Channel is set in AP and discovered by clients Scalable

11 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 11 Remarks about Wireless Modes In both modes, the SSID identifies the network Consider the SSID as the “label” of a Ethernet jack on the wall Modes (modes of operation) can be hidden and not noticeable in a topology –ex: A PtP link can be ad hoc or infrastructure

12 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 12 Ad hoc case 1: Point-to-point Connecting two wireless clients directly Building to building (when one has Internet connection and the other one does not) Inside an office

13 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 13 Ad hoc Case 1: Point-to-point

14 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 14 Infrastructure Case 1: Star Hotspots, Telecenters, Offices and WISP's Point to Multi-point The most common infrastructure in wireless networking

15 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 15 Infrastructure Case 1: Star

16 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 16 Infrastructure Case 2: Point to Point Standard element of wireless infrastructure A PtP link may be part of –a star, a tree, a two point line or other topology

17 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 17 Infrastructure Case 2: Point to Point

18 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 18 Infrastructure Case 3: Repeating Necessary when direct line of sight (LOS) is obstructed

19 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 19 Infrastructure case 3: Repeating The repeating unit consist of One or two physical devices Two radiosor one radio and “isolated antennas” Can be seen as a “receiving client and a re- transmitting access point”

20 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 20 Infrastructure Case 4: Mesh Mesh topologies are an interesting option mainly in –dynamic environments (urban areas) –where central infrastructure is hard to implement –when redundancy is desired Typical cases are: municipal networks, campus networks and neighborhood communities

21 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 21 Infrastructure Case 4: Mesh Full mesh topology (each node is direct connected to all other nodes) Partial mesh topology (each node is direct connected to some but not all nodes) Nothing is necessarily dynamic in a mesh Used as synonym for "ad hoc" or "mobile" network

22 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 22 Infrastructure case 4: Mesh All mesh nodes need to run the same mesh routing protocol The nodes can be of different operating systems and hardware types if they comply with the mesh protocol specification

23 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 23 Infrastructure Case 4: Mesh

24 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 24 Real Life Examples of Wireless Infrastructure Real life wireless networks are very often combinations of more than one topology Graphical representations are totally arbitrary and different from one another

25 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 25 Typical office network

26 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 26 Wide-area Wireless backbone

27 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 27 Nepalwireless.net Backbone Topology

28 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 28 Mesh Network (OLSR) Berlin Wizards of OS 2004

29 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 29 Wireless Backbone, rural Nigeria

30 Last updated: 20 April 2006 Sebastian Büttrich ItrainOnline MMTK www.itrainonline.org 30 Conclusions Most wireless implementations are based on –Star, tree or line topology In implementations we can find two modes: –Ad hoc or infrastructure (more common) The basics of any setup includes: –Mode, SSID, Channel + MAC/auth + IP Many wireless implementations are based on more than one topology

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