1. The Role of Spacecraft Pointing Jitter & Photon Statistics, in 3D-Reconstruction of EUVI/SECCHI Stereo Images Markus J. Aschwanden Jean-Pierre Wuelser James Lemen (LMSAL) 2nd SECCHI/STEREO Meeting, Abingdon, UK, 2001 July 12-13

2. Previous analyses: - Spacecraft pointing requirement is 3.75  (2  ), i.e. 1.9  (1  ) or 3.8 TRACE pixels - Simulations were done with perfect statistics. - The EUVI requires 0.8  to 1.2  (3  ) pointing stability for optimal performance. - Number of observable features scaled as the 2th to 4th power of the resolution. - Number of tie points scaled to the 3rd power of the resolution.

3. Current Status: - Spacecraft pointing requirement is 3.75  (2  ), i.e. 1.9  (1  ) or 3.8 TRACE pixels - The EUVI requires 0.8  to 1.2  (3  ) pointing stability for optimal performance. - We consider the affect of statistics on the pointing requirements. - The EUVI ISS, which provided 0.1  (1  ) pointing, was descoped - A lower cost Fine Pointing System (FPS) was added, which provides 0.3 to 0.6  (1  ) stability

4. EUVI Fine Pointing System: - Secondary is actuated, but strain gauges and analog electronics are eliminated. - Provides 0.8  to 1.9  p-p accuracy - Open loop system limits ultimate accuracy and limits the upper limit to the frequency response

5. Approach : - A measure of the quality of stereoscopic 3D reconstruction is the fraction of pixels in an image that are suitable as stereoscopic tiepoints. - We consider pixels that have a signal-to-noise ratio of S/N>3  relative to a background given by neighbored pixels as suitable for stereoscopic tiepoints 33 4 neighbor directions

6. Signal-to-Noise Ratio of a Pixel : - Background based on neighbored pixels: 33 4 neighbor directions - Noise of background: - Signal-to-Noise ratio (maximum from 4 directions):

7. Noise components: (Example based on TRACE, 171 A, 0.5  pixels) Instrumental noise components: - Readout noise: 1.58 DN - Digitization noise: 0.50 DN - Lossless compression: 0.10 DN - Pedestal/Dark current: 1.32 DN - Integer subtraction: 0.70 DN (From Aschwanden, Nightingale, Tarbell & Wolfson 2000, ApJ 535, 1027) Photon statistics: - TRACE gain: 12 electrons/DN

8. No jitter Jitter=1.3 pixelsJitter=3.8 pixels

9. No Jitter: 3.9% pixels with S/N>3s Jitter = 1.3 pixels: 2.8% pixels with S/N>3s Jitter = 3.8 pixels: 0.96% pixels with S/N>3

10. TRACE DN x 1 3.9% 2.8% 0.96% TRACE statistics are comparable to that expected with EUVI For the image analyzed, the number of tie points decreased inversely with image resolution. For images with even statistical significance, the relationship is steeper.

11. Conclusions: - The number of stereoscopic tie points is nonlinearly dependent on: - the spatial resolution (spacecraft jitter) - photon statistics - scales with a power of approximately -1.5 to -3. - The FPS will provide adequate pointing resolution to achieve almost all EUVI observing objectives.