1. Data SnapShot Series 1.1 May 2015 DATA SNAPSHOT Boone County

2. 2 Hometown Collaboration Initiative This report has been produced by the Purdue Center for Regional Development as a part of the Indiana Hometown Collaboration Initiative (HCI). HCI is funded, in part, by the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs.

3. Table of contents Introduction 01 Demography 02 Economy 03 Labor Market 04

4. ​ Purpose ​ About Boone County 01 introduction

5. 5 Purpose ​ This document provides information and data about Boone County that can be used to guide local decision- making activities. ​ The Data SnapShot showcases a variety of demographic, economic and labor market information that local leaders, community organizations and others can use to gain a better perspective on current conditions and opportunities in their county. ​ To strengthen the value and usability of the information, we showcase the data using a variety of visual tools, such as charts, graphs and tables. In addition, we offer key points about the data as a way of assisting the user with the interpretation of the information presented. ​ Finally, short takeaway messages are offered at the end of each section in order to highlight some of the more salient findings. Introduction section 01

6. 6 About Boone County Introduction section 01 County Background Established1830 County Seat Lebanon Area423 sq. mi. Neighboring Counties Clinton, IN Hamilton, IN Hendricks, IN Marion, IN Montgomery, IN

7. ​ Population change ​ Population pyramids ​ Race ​ Ethnicity ​ Educational attainment ​ Takeaways 02 demography

8. 8 Population change Components of Population Change, 2000-2013 Total Change14,521* Natural Increase3,400 International Migration342 Domestic Migration10,953 The total population is projected to increase by 9 percent between 2013 and 2020. Demography ​ Sources: STATSIndiana, U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 Decennial Census, 2013 Estimates, Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change section 02 The county’s overall population increased by 31 percent between 2000 and 2013. The major contributor to that expansion was domestic migration (the difference between the number of people moving into the county versus moving out) with a net growth of almost 11,000 persons. International migration also had a positive effect on population with a net increase of 342, indicating that the county experienced a small influx of new people from outside the U.S. Finally, natural increase (births minus deaths over that span of time) also contributed 3,400 people to the population of Boone County. Total population projections 2000201020132020 *Estimation residuals are leading to a total change in population that differs from the sum of the components.

9. 9 Population pyramids Population pyramids are visual representations of the age distribution of the population by gender. Approximately 51.2 percent of the population was female in 2000 (23,601 people), and that percent remained about the same in 2013. What did change is the distribution of people across the various age categories. A larger share of people shifted into the higher age groupings over the 2000 to 2013 time period. Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates section 02 In particular, people 50 and over swelled from 12.4% to 15.4% for males and from 15.0% to 17.2% for females between 2000 and 2013. Individuals of prime working age -- 20-49 years old -- dipped from 20.6% to 18.6% for males and from 21.6% to 19.0% for females. The percentage of residents under 20 years of age has remained unchanged. Male Female 20132000 Male Female

10. 10 Race The number of non-White residents in Boone County increased by 3 percentage points between 2000 and 2013. While every race experienced a numerical increase, the number of individuals that are Black, Asian, or Two or More Races increased between three and six times relative to their 2000 population, helping to expand the Other Races category from 2 percent to 5 percent of the total population by 2013. Demography ​ Race Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates section 02 2000 2013

11. 11 Ethnicity Hispanics are individuals of any race whose ancestry is from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain, the Dominican Republic or any other Spanish- speaking Central or South American country. There were 534 Hispanics residing in Boone County in 2000. This figure expanded to 1,536 by 2013, a 187.6 percent increase. As a result, Hispanics now make up 3 percent of the overall population (versus one percent in 2000). Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates section 02 3%3% 1%1% Hispanics - 2000 Hispanics - 2013

12. 12 Educational attainment Boone County had a 15 percentage point increase between 2000 and 2013 in the proportion of adults (25 and older) with an associate’s, bachelor’s, or graduate degree. The proportion of adults 25 years of age and older with a high school education or more improved from 88 percent in 2000 to 93 percent by 2013. Those with only a high school degree fell from 38 percent in 2000 to 28 percent in 2013. Adults with an associate’s degree grew by two percentage points from 2000 to 2013 (6 percent versus 8 percent), while the proportion with a bachelor’s degree or more increased from 28 percent to 41 percent over that same time period. As a result of this growth, 49 percent of residents in Boone County had a college degree (associates, bachelors or more) in 2013, which far exceeds the Indiana rate of 32 percent. Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 ACS section 02 2000 2013

13. 13 Takeaways ​ The population of Boone County is expected to grow over the next few years, and if past trends hold, that increase will be largely due to domestic in-migration (more people moving into the county from other counties in Indiana or from other places in the U.S. that are moving out). ​ Boone County’s population also grew over the 2000-2013 period. In examining the population composition of Boone County, one finds a growing adult population of 50 and over, as well as stable population of minors (0-19 years of age). What is most dramatic is the small percentage of young adults (20-29 years old) living in the county. While it has grown since 2000, it still remains small relative to the other age groups of prime working age. ​ While the population remains largely white and non-Hispanic, the racial and ethnic diversity of the county has more than doubled since 2000. ​ The educational attainment of adults 25 and over had dramatically increased since 2000 and the percent of adults with a terminal high school education or less has dropped. This has resulted in a resident labor force in which one in two adult residents have an associate’s, bachelor’s or higher education, 17 percentage points above the figure for Indiana as a whole. ​ High domestic in-migration and the healthy growth of people with post-secondary education translates into a county that may be gaining importance in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, as both an employment center and residential community. ​ In order to continue their growth toward a balanced ratio of working-age individuals and dependents (minors and elderly), Boone County should continue to develop the mix of services and amenities that will retain and attract educated young adults. Demography section 02

14. ​ Establishments ​ Industries ​ Occupations ​ Income and poverty ​ Takeaways 03 economy

15. 15 Establishments Components of Change for Establishments Total Change (2000-11) 2,423 Natural Change (births minus deaths) 2,285 Net Migration 147 The number of establishments in Boone County nearly doubled from 2000 to 2011. The rapid growth of establishments was largely due to natural change. In particular, 5,266 establishments were launched in the county between 2000-2011, while 2,981 closed, resulting in a gain of 2,285 establishments. There was a gain of 147 establishments due to net migration. Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section 03 An establishment is a physical business location. Branches, standalones and headquarters are all considered types of establishments. Definition of Company Stages 0 1 2 3 4 Self- employed 2-9 employees 10-99 employees 100-499 employees 500+ employees Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Establishment information was calculated in-house and may differ slightly from publicly available data.

16. 16 Number of establishments by stage/employment category Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section 03 20002011 StageEstablishmentsProportionEstablishmentsProportion Stage 0 84431%1,76134% Stage 1 1,51455%3,02058% Stage 2 35013%3527% Stage 3 301%351% Stage 4 --2*0% Total 2,738100%5,170100% Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. The NETS Database is derived from the Dun & Bradstreet archival national establishment data, a population of known establishments in the United States that is quality controlled and updated annually. Establishments include both private and public sector business units and range in size from one employee (i.e., sole-proprietors and self-employed) to several thousand employees. *ReferenceUSA only indicates one Stage 4 company. The second company is listed by both NETS and ReferenceUSA but they have differing employment records for the establishment. Additional information is available on the next slide.

17. 17 Top five employers in 2015 Economy ​ Source: ReferenceUSA (Infogroup) and Purdue Central Indiana Regional Extension Educator section 03 EstablishmentStage 1. Witham Health Services (formerly Witham Memorial Hospital) Stage 4 2. Witham Visiting Nurse Services Stage 3 3. Zionsville MeadowsStage 3 4. Jet Star Inc.Stage 3 5. Meijer*Stage 3 The top five employers produce mainly local goods and services. Witham Health Services in Lebanon is the largest establishment-level employer in Boone County. The top three employers in the county are all providing Health Care & Social Services (NAICS 62). Jet Star Inc. is the only top employer in Boone County supplying a national service. Information on the top five establishments by employment comes from ReferenceUSA. ReferenceUSA is a library database service provided by Infogroup, the company that also supplies the list of major employers for Hoosiers by the Numbers. While both NETS and ReferenceUSA contain establishments, differences in data collection processes result in discrepancies between the two sources. We use NETS for a broad picture of establishments in the county, while ReferenceUSA is used for studying individual establishments. *Meijer reported a range of employees, rather than an specific number. When ranking the establishments by number of employees, the lower end of the range was used.

18. 18 Number of jobs by stage/employment category Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section 03 20002011 StageJobs*ProportionJobs*Proportion Stage 0 8445%1,7617% Stage 1 5,42829%8,88334% Stage 2 8,05544%8,33832% Stage 3 4,10522%5,96023% Stage 4 --1,1925% Total 18,432100%26,134100% Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. *Includes both full-time and part-time jobs

19. 19 Amount of sales (2011 dollars) by stage/employment category Economy ​ Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database section 03 20002011 StageSalesProportionSalesProportion Stage 0 $115,445,2975%$124,559,8694% Stage 1 $768,403,58832%$707,743,58821% Stage 2 $913,216,13638%$682,740,91220% Stage 3 $611,780,94325%$1,779,607,83752% Stage 4 --$109,554,7003% Total $2,408,845,963100%$3,404,206,906100% Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year.

20. 20 Top five industries in 2013 49.2 percent of jobs are tied to one of the top five industries in Boone County. Retail Trade is the largest industry sector (6,004 jobs). Professional, Scientific & Technical Services is the smallest of the top industry sectors with 2,536 jobs. Health Care & Social Assistance falls just outside the top five industries in Boone County with 2,344 jobs (6.1 percent). All of the top five industries in Boone County, except Construction (-6.5 percent), gained jobs between 2002 and 2013. Of these, Administrative & Waste Management Services (+191.5 percent) and Retail Trade gained the most (106.0 percent). Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

21. 21 Industry distribution and change NAICS Code Description Jobs 2002 Jobs 2013 Change (2002-2013) % Change (2002-2013) Average Total Earnings 2013 11Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 940813-127-14%$32,866 21Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction <1012--$33,468 22Utilities 41682766%$196,541 23Construction 2,7572,577-180-7%$45,739 31-33Manufacturing 2,1082,176683%$61,430 42Wholesale Trade 9061,54463870%$56,502 44-45Retail Trade 2,9146,0043,090106%$37,316 48-49Transportation & Warehousing 1,2512,15089972%$44,658 51Information 2002767638%$45,667 52Finance & Insurance 1,0082,1541,146114%$42,075 53Real Estate & Rental & Leasing 1,2812,2831,00278%$27,487 54Professional, Scientific & Technical Services 1,6162,53692057%$50,592 55Management of Companies and Enterprises 1910687458%$62,860 56Administrative & Waste Management 1,4764,3022,826191%$23,960 61Educational Services (Private) 250660410164%$19,067 62Health Care & Social Assistance 1,8612,34448326%$47,255 71Arts, Entertainment & Recreation 62282720533%$20,027 72Accommodation and Food Services 1,3971,87948235%$15,852 81Other Services (except Public Administration) 1,6462,28063439%$21,651 90Government 2,6353,52188634%$55,953 99Unclassified Industry <10 --$0 AllTotal 24,93838,51213,57454%$39,130 Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 Note: Average total earnings include wages, salaries, supplements and earnings from investments and proprietorships Industries and occupations with a value of <10 have insufficient data for change and earnings calculations.

22. 22 Industry distribution and change The largest percentage gains in employment in Boone County occurred in:  Management of Companies and Enterprises (+457.9 percent)  Administrative, Support, Waste Management, and Remediation Services (+191.5 percent) The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in:  Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting (-13.5 percent)  Construction (-6.5 percent) Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 Employment Increase Employment Decrease Industries with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013: Retail Trade (+3,090) Administrative & Waste Management (+2,826) Information (+1,146) Construction (-180) Agriculture & Forestry (-127)

23. 23 Top five occupations in 2013 The top five occupations in Boone County represent 50.9 percent of all jobs. Sales & Related (5,719 jobs) and Office & Administrative Support (5,000 jobs) are the top two occupations in Boone County. Business & Financial Operations is the smallest of the top five occupations with 2,467 jobs. All the five top occupations in Boone County had an increase in jobs between 2002 and 2013. However, Business & Financial Operations occupations gained the most (102.5 percent), followed closely by Office & Administrative Support (96.6 percent) and Transportation & Material Moving (95.1 percent) occupations. Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

24. 24 SOCDescription Jobs 2002 Jobs 2013 Change (2002-2013) % Change (2002-2013) Hourly Earnings 2013 11Management 2,0192,85483541%$26.92 13Business & Financial Operations 1,2182,4671,249103%$26.17 15Computer & Mathematical 294786492167%$30.09 17Architecture & Engineering 2883284014%$29.99 19Life, Physical & Social Science 1492328356%$32.41 21Community & Social Service 2313168537%$20.87 23Legal 14424710372%$33.57 25Education, Training & Library 1,0241,61559158%$18.39 27Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports & Media 9841,49651252%$18.77 29Health Care Practitioners & Technical 9571,52556859%$35.39 31Health Care Support 47365718439%$12.30 33Protective Service 34851516748%$18.78 35Food Preparation & Serving Related 1,4502,00255238%$9.07 37Building & Grounds Cleaning Maintenance 1,0741,40733331%$10.82 39Personal Care & Service 1,1631,60043738%$10.71 41Sales & Related 3,7805,7191,93951%$15.99 43Office & Administrative Support 2,5435,0002,45797%$15.21 45Farming, Fishing & Forestry 223201-22-10%$11.40 47Construction & Extraction 2,0302,003-27-1%$18.91 49Installation, Maintenance & Repair 9021,19429232%$18.29 51Production 1,4802,24676652%$14.41 53Transportation & Material Moving 1,8283,5661,73895%$13.46 55Military 1601923220%$17.34 99Unclassified 17734416794%$11.44 AllTotal 24,93838,51213,57454%$18.03 Occupation distribution and change Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

25. 25 Occupation distribution and change Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 The largest percentage gains in employment in Boone County occurred in:  Computer and Mathematical (+167.3 percent)  Business and Financial Operations (+102.5 percent) The largest percentage loss in employment occurred in:  Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (-9.9 percent)  Construction and Extraction (-1.3 percent) Occupations with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013: Office & Administrative (+2,457) Sales & Related (+1,939) Transportation & Material Moving (+1,738) Construction (-27) Farming, Fishing, & Forestry (-22) Employment Increase Employment Decrease

26. 26 Income and poverty 200020062013 Total Population in Poverty 5.3%6.0%7.3% Minors (up to age 17) in Poverty 6.5%7.1%8.7% Real Household Median Income (2013)* $71,543 $72,653 $68,047 Real Per Capita Income (2013)* $49,888$57,355$57,604 The median household income in Boone County dipped by $3,500 between 2000 and 2013 in real dollars (that is, adjusted for inflation), while average income per person rose by $7,700 in real dollars over the same time period. Both the total population in poverty and the number of minors in poverty increased by approximately 2 percentage points over the 2000 to 2013 period. Economy ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary section 03 *Real median household income is the middle income value in the county. Half of the county’s households fall above this line and half below. Real per capita personal income is the average income per person in the county.

27. 27 Income and poverty Median income in Boone County has experienced significant fluctuation over time, decreasing dramatically after 2008. However, per capita income as been generally increasing since 2000. Poverty rates for adults and minors have decreased over the past three years, although the rates are slightly higher than in the early 2000s. Economy ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary section 03

28. 28 Takeaways ​ Growth of establishments in Boone County occurred in businesses with fewer than 10 employees (the self-employed and Stage 1 enterprises), components of the local economy that are often overlooked by local leaders. At the same time, impressive growth took place among Stage 3 establishments. ​ Boone County should continue to pursue its balanced economic development efforts – strategies that attend to the needs of high- growth Stage 1, 2 and 3 establishments, as well as the self-employed. Real median income has gradually declined and poverty has gradually increased in Boone County since 2000. This may be attributed to the salaries and wages associated with industries/businesses and occupations that have experienced the largest job gains in the county. Of the four largest job-growth industries, only one had average annual earnings of over $40,000 in 2013. The three highest job- growth occupations all earned around $15 per hour. The fluctuations in real median income between 2008 and 2013 may be attributed to employment changes in high-paying industries or occupations with small numbers of jobs, such as utilities, health care or legal. Promoting job growth for occupations requiring educated workers could help retain adults with higher educational attainment and help increase median income. Economy section 03

29. ​ Labor force and unemployment ​ Commuteshed ​ Laborshed Workforce inflow/outflow ​ Takeaways 04 labor market

30. 30 Labor force and unemployment 20022013 Labor Force 25,44129,460 Unemployment Rate 3.8%6.1% The labor force in Boone County increased by 15.8 percent between 2002 and 2013. It is likely that some of the new entrants to the labor force were not able to find jobs, leading to the concurrent increase in the labor force and unemployment rate. Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2013 Annual Data Release) section 04

31. 31 Unemployment rate Unemployment increased dramatically after 2007, peaking at 7.8 percent in 2009. Since that time, the rate has been on a slow but steady decline, dipping to 6.1 percent by 2013. Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2013 Annual Data Release) section 04

32. 32 Commuteshed A county’s commuteshed is the geographic area to which its labor force travels to work. Seventy-nine percent of employed residents in Boone County commute to jobs located outside of the county. Marion County is the biggest destination for residents who work outside of Boone County. Fifty-two percent of out-commuters work in counties adjacent to Boone County; however, the fourth largest work destination outside Boone County is the Fort Wayne metropolitan area (Allen County) and fifth largest is the Lafayette metropolitan area (Tippecanoe County). Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) section 04 24,511 Out-Commuters 6,707 Same Work/ Home CommutersProportion Marion, IN 11,53937.0% Hamilton, IN 3,23710.4% Hendricks, IN 1,0703.4% Allen, IN 9192.9% Tippecanoe, IN 4761.5%

33. 33 Commuteshed in 2011 Labor market section 04 ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD Seventy percent of Boone County’s working residents are employed either in Boone, Hamilton or Marion Counties. Another 5 percent commute to Allen County or Hendricks County. An additional 5 percent travel to jobs in Cook County, Illinois, or Lake County, St. Joseph County or Tippecanoe County in Indiana. Collectively, these nine counties represent 80 percent of the commuteshed for Boone County.

34. 34 Laborshed CommutersProportion Marion, IN 4,27219.5% Hamilton, IN 1,9759.0% Hendricks, IN 1,3296.1% Clinton, IN 9144.2% Howard, IN 6653.0% Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) section 04 15,257 In-Commuters 6,707 Same Work/ Home A county’s laborshed is the geographic area from which it draws employees. Seventy percent of individuals employed in Boone County commute from another county for work. Forty-one percent of in-commuters reside in counties adjacent to Boone County. Marion County and Hamilton County are the biggest sources of workers outside of Boone County.

35. 35 Laborshed in 2011 Labor market section 04 ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD The bulk (70 percent) of Boone County’s workforce is drawn from Boone, Clinton, Hamilton, Hendricks and Marion Counties. Another 5 percent is drawn from Johnson, Montgomery or Morgan Counties. An additional 5 percent is drawn from Howard and Tippecanoe Counties. Combined, the 10 counties represent 80 percent of Boone County’s laborshed.

36. 36 Workforce inflow and outflow in 2011 Labor market section 04 ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD Boone County has more laborers traveling out of the county for work than into the county for work. Net commuting is negative, with a loss of 9,254 commuters. The resulting situation is that for every 100 employed residents, Boone County has 70 jobs. CountProportion Employed in Boone County 21,964100% Both employed and living in the county 6,70731% Employed in the county but living outside 15,25770% Living in Boone County 31,218100% Both living and employed in the county 6,70722% Living in the county but employed outside 24,51179%

37. 37 Takeaways ​ Boone County’s unemployment rate has increased since 2002. The majority of this increase occurred during the period of the Great Recession (approximately 2008–10). The rate has since been declining. ​ Much like its population, the county’s labor force has expanded since 2002. However, the increased unemployment rate indicates that some of the new entrants to the labor force may be experiencing difficulties finding a job. ​ Employees who work but do not live in Boone County tend to commute from surrounding counties. Those who commute out of the county for work often travel to other metropolitan areas. ​ Boone County should assess if a major workforce development training effort would help address the needs of a growing number of working age adults who may be struggling to find jobs. Furthermore, determining the human capital attributes of workers who commute to jobs outside the county might be insightful. It may provide the information needed to determine how best to reduce the leakage of educated and skilled workers to surrounding counties, especially to the Indianapolis. ​ The laborshed and commuteshed data offer solid evidence of the value of pursuing economic and workforce development on a regional (multi-county) basis. Labor market section 04

38. 38 Notes ​ LAUS (Local Area Unemployment Statistics): LAUS is a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) program that provides monthly and annual labor force, employment and unemployment data by place of residence at various geographic levels. LAUS utilizes statistical models to estimate data values based on household surveys and employer reports. These estimates are updated annually. Annual county- level LAUS estimates do not include seasonal adjustments. ​ LEHD (Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics): LEHD is a partnership between U.S. Census Bureau and State Department of Workforce Development (DWD) to provide labor market and journey to work data at various geographic levels. LEHD uses Unemployment Insurance earnings data and Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages from DWDs and census administrative records related to individuals and businesses. ​ NETS (National Establishment Time Series): NETS is an establishment-level database, not a company-level database. This means that each entry is a different physical location, and company-level information must be created by adding the separate establishment components. ​ OTM (On the Map): OTM, a product of LEHD program, is used in the county snapshot report to develop commuting patterns for a geography from two perspectives: place of residence and place of work. At the highly detailed level of census blocks, some of the data is synthetic to maintain confidentiality of the worker. However, for larger regions mapped at the county level, the commuteshed and laborshed data are fairly reasonable. ​ OTM includes jobs for a worker employed in the reference as well as previous quarter. Hence, job counts are based on two consecutive quarters (six months) measured at the “beginning of a quarter.” OTM data can differ from commuting patterns developed from state annual income tax returns, which asks a question about “county of residence” and “county of work” on January 1 of the tax-year. OTM can also differ from American Community Survey data, which is based on a sample survey of the resident population. ​ SAIPE (Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates): SAIPE is a U.S. Census Bureau program that provides annual data estimates of income and poverty statistics at various geographic levels. The estimates are used in the administration of federal and state assistance programs. SAIPE utilizes statistical models to estimate data from sample surveys, census enumerations and administrative records.

39. 39 Report Contributors This report was prepared by the Purdue Center for Regional Development in partnership with Purdue University Extension. Data Analysis Indraneel Kumar, Ph.D. Ayoung Kim Report Authors Elizabeth Dobis Bo Beaulieu, Ph.D. Report Design Tyler Wright

40. ​ FOR MORE INFORMATION Purdue Center for Regional Development (PCRD)... seeks to pioneer new ideas and strategies that contribute to regional collaboration, innovation and prosperity. Purdue Extension Community Development (CD)... works to strengthen the capacity of local leaders, residents and organizations to work together to develop and sustain strong, vibrant communities. Please contact Curt Emanuel Boone County Extension Director 765-482-0750 cemanuel@purdue.edu OR PCRD Mann Hall, Suite 266 Purdue University 765-494-7273 pcrd@purdue.edu