1. 9/22 Journal: REVIEW YOUR CIVILIZATION NOTES- Pick one of the 5 characteristics of civilization, explain it and give 2 examples (think: STAIR)

2. Agenda – 9/22 1) Journal 2) Civilizations pre-quiz 3) River Valley Civilization Map 4) Mesopotamia and Egypt Notes 5) Atlas Packet

6. Mesopotamia Location: between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the FERTILE CRESCENT

7. Mesopotamia SPECIALIZED LABOR: Mesopotamia had many farmers, merchants, metal workers, and also priests, who were in charge of the Ziggurats (religious temples).

8. Mesopotamia TECHNOLOGY: Farmers used irrigation to move water from the river to their fields.

9. Mesopotamia ADVANCED CITIES: There were many cities that traded with one another.

10. Mesopotamia INSTITUTIONS: Government & Politics : run by military leaders who had become kings Hammurabi’s Code – It was the first law code, written by a Sumerian king. It was engraved in stone and listed 282 laws.

11. Mesopotamia RECORD KEEPING: The Sumerian Kingdom of Mesopotamia invented CUNEIFORM, which was a form of writing on cl ay tablets.

13. Ancient Egypt Location: North Africa, along the Nile River

14. Ancient Egypt SPECIALIZED LABOR: Farmers - Flooding of the Nile left Egypt with fertile soil called silt. Merchants – Egypt traded many things with other civilizations by 3200 B.C.

15. Ancient Egypt TECHNOLOGY: The Egyptians built canals and irrigation systems to move water from the Nile to their farms.

16. Ancient Egypt ADVANCED CITIES: The Egyptians built massive pyramids and monuments to honor the Pharaohs because they believed that the pharaohs ruled after death.

17. Ancient Egypt INSTITUTIONS: Pharaohs: rulers who were worshipped as gods Pharaoh ruled over everyone and was a the top of society Slaves were the lowest people in society

18. Ancient Egypt Religion: Ruled as a theocracy (government ruled by religious leaders) Polytheistic: belief in many gods Ra = Sun god (most powerful and important god) Horus = god of light Isis = fertility goddess, the ideal mother and wife

20. Ancient Egypt RECORD KEEPING: Hieroglyphics: Egyptian system of writing, done by scribes (educated me who knew how to write) Papyrus: earliest form of paper made by the Egyptians from reeds of the Nile

21. Chinese Civilization Location: Along the Huang He (Yellow River) in East Asia

22. Chinese SPECIALIZED WORKERS: Economy – peasants would work in the fields and grow rice and wheat ADVANCED CITIES: Society was divided between rich (overlords) and poor (peasants).

23. Chinese Civilization INSTITUTIONS: Government & Politics – China was run by dynasties (families of royal rulers) after 2000 B.C. The first dynasty was the Xia

24. Chinese Civilization RECORD KEEPING – The Ancient Chinese developed a writing system based on PICTOGRAMS where each character represents an idea not a sound

26. Ancient Indians Location: The Indus River valley is located in South Asia on the Indian subcontinent

27. Ancient India ADVANCED CITIES (and technology): The two most famous cities were HARAPPA and MOHENJO DARO In these cities were organized in a grid system. Some households had indoor plumbing, and some even had working toilets No other civilization would achieve the same level of convenience until the 1800s!!!!

28. Ancient Indians INSTITUTIONS (and Specialized Labor)– Caste system- rigid class system which controlled social interactions and occupation (job) choice the caste system even controlled who you could marry

30. Ancient Indians Religion: Like the Egyptians and Mesopotamians, the Indus River Valley cities were polytheistic.

31. Ancient Indians Later, these beliefs evolved into a complex religious system called Hinduism.

32. Nubians Location – Africa along the Upper Nile Connected Egypt to rest of Africa

33. Nubians INSTITUTION Religion – Polytheistic, often following Egyptian gods Pyramids built to their emperors were often bigger than the Egyptian’s

34. Nubians INSTITUTION: Government & Politics – first kingdom of pharaohs was Kerma began around 2000 B.C. But was eventually conquered and ruled by Egypt

35. Nubians ADVANCED CITIES: Economy – traded up and down the Nile with Egypt Especially for pottery

36. Nubians Society – Eventually became known as the Kush after 1100 B.C. Successfully united the Nile civilizations after 751 B.C. under one king

37. Nubians Fun Facts – after the defeat of the Egyptians, the Kush saw it as their responsibility to keep their culture alive

38. Phoenicians Location – on the Mediterranean Sea, in present day Lebanon

39. Phoenicians INSTITUTION: Religion – polytheistic would sacrifice their first born children to please the gods

40. Phoenicians INSTITUTION: Government and Politics – never a united country, but separate city – states.

41. Phoenicians ADVANCED CITY: Economy – relied mostly on sea trade Goods = wine, weapons, slaves, metals, ivory and purple dye from snails

42. Phoenicians Society and Writing – created an alphabet, where symbols make a sound (phonetic)

43. Phoenicians Fun Facts – the Phoenicians were known throughout the ancient world for their glass making skills

44. Hebrews Location – Middle East, present day Israel

45. Hebrews INSTITUTION Religion (Judaism) – first monotheistic people, believed in one God Founder = Abraham

46. Hebrews Institution Government–ruled by kings high taxes lead to division, and kingdom is taken over by Babylon and HEBREWS BECAME SLAVES

47. Hebrews Written law code– society was governed by the 10 Commandments, God’s law