1. Infection Control Unit Trotter

2. Standard Precautions  All patients treated the same  Everyone is infected with infectious diseases  Routine practice for all healthcare professionals  PPE  Biohazard containers

3. Standard Precautions  Handwashing  Before and after gloving  Between patients  After using the bathroom  After sneezing, coughing, using tissue  Before eating  After processing specimens, lab procedures

4. Sharps  Use extreme caution when handling sharps – needles, lancets, glass, sharp instruments  Never recap, break or remove needles  Use puncture-proof containers  Look in/on beds, tables, counters

5. Infectious Waste  Proper container – biohazard symbol  Red bags  Minor – regular trash  Treat with extreme caution  Wear PPE  Two greatest threats – HBV & HIV  CDC recommendations

6. Latex Allergies  Swelling, rash, itching, dyspnea  Can be life threatening  Range of reactions  Latex free items available  Latex free carts  Latex free exam room  Always ask, always look

7. Disease Prevention  Changes began in the mid-1980’s  OSHA – before AIDS  CLIA – 1988  Federal regulations – law and safety for patients and healthcare workers  Called Standard Precautions  Fines for noncompliance

8. Standard Precautions p- 538  Handwashing  Gloves  Eye protection  Mask  Gown  Patient care equipment  Environmental Control  Linen  Occupational Health and Bloodborne Pathogens  Patient placement

9. Disease prevention considerations  Disposable items  Skin conditions  Open wounds  Pregnancy  HBV prevention – immunization  PPE

10. Indirect and Direct Contract  Droplet infection – 20 feet or more  Cough, sneeze, whistle  Indirect – touching something that has the microorganism on it  Direct – contact with patient or their body fluids  What are possibilities for direct contact?

13. Disease Transmission  Communicable diseases  Acute  Chronic  Disease description  Means of transmission  Incubation period  S&S  TX  Prevention

14. Disease Transmission Susceptible Vulnerable Resistance Infection cycle p. 543 How to break the cycle!

15. Diseases to know  AIDS  Varicella  URI – common cold  Conjunctivitis  Pediculosis  HIB  HAV  HBV  HCV  HSV  Impetigo  Influenza  Meningitis  Pinworms  Pneumonia  Scabies  Strep throat  Scarlet fever

16. Immunity  Immune system – cellular resistance  Health – homeostais  Nutrition  Rest  Emotional health  Exercise

17. Specialized defense mechanisms  Respiratory cilia  Coughing  Sneezing  Secretions  pH

18. Requirements of microorganisms  O2  pH  Warm temp – 98.6 F  Nutrients  Water  host

19. 5 types of microorganisms  Bacteria  Virus  Fungi  Parasite  Protozoa

20. Bacteria  Varied morphology  Single-celled  No nucleus  No organelles  Cell division q20min  Pathogenic/Nonpathogenic

21. Viruses  Smallest microorganisms  Electron microscope needed  Only reproduce in a host

22. HCV SARS Herpes Virus

23. Protozoa  Complex single-celled microorganisms  Attach to other organisms  Dysentery  Malaria  Trichomonas vaginalis  Parasitic

25. Fungi  Simple parasitic plants (molds)  Budding  Depend on another source for food  100 different kinds in humans – only 10 cause problems  Athlete’s foot  Ringworm

26. Parasites  Obligate – depends entirely on host  Facultative – can live independently for a while  Internal and external  Worms  Scabies

30. Microorganisms  Flora  Heterotrophic  Autotrophic  Organic  Inorganic  Aerobes  Anaerobes

31. Infection Control  Sanitization  Disinfection  Sterilization

32. Sanitization  Wash and scrub to remove materials  Handwashing  Gloves should be worn  Rinse in cool water  Soak in warm detergent – 20 minutes  Wash and scrub with brush  Rinse hot  Dry

33. Disinfection  Chemical or physical  Kill pathogens  Germicide  Bactericide  Objects not people  Where can we find these products?

34. Sterilization  Destroy all living organisms and spores  Autoclave  Shelf life – 30 days, dry  Expiration date  Check for integrity

35. Sterilizing instruments  Autoclave  Chemicals – 10 hours  Sharp instruments  Rubber  Vinyl

36. Sterilization  Autoclaving  Incineration  Dry heat oven

37. Autoclave