1. 1 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels1 A European Spatial Data Infrastructure under Construction Context, Scope and Implementation Progress of the INSPIRE Directive Hugo DE GROOF Directorate-General Environment – Chief Scientist, Research and Innovation Unit European Commission INSPIRE TEAM Eurostat – DG Environment – Joint Research Centre

2. 2 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels2 INSPIRE Policy Foundations The EU 6th Environmental Action Programme 2001-2010 Seven Thematic Strategies 1. Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) 2. Soil protection 3. Sustainable use of pesticides 4. Marine environment 5. Waste prevention and recycling 6. Sustainable use of natural resources 7. Urban environment Four Priorities 1. Climate Change 2. Nature and Biodiversity 3. Environment and Health 4. Natural resources and waste + Mitigation of natural and man-made hazards leading to disasters Focus on « knowledge-based » policy making and assessment

3. 3 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels3 Why INSPIRE ? Needs Better information needed to support policies Improvement of existing information flows Differentiation across regions to be considered Revision of approach to reporting and monitoring, moving to concept of sharing of information Situation in Europe Data policy restrictions –pricing, copyright, access rights, licensing policy Lack of co-ordination –across boarders and between levels of government Lack of standards –incompatible information and information systems Existing data not re-usable –fragmentation of information, redundancy, inability to integrate EU has islands of data of different standards and quality...

4. 4 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels4 DIRECTIVE 2003/98/EC on the re-use of public sector information - (PSI Directive) deals with the way public sector bodies should enhance re-use of their information resources “the definition of public authorities encompasses: – government or other public administration at national, regional or local level whether or not they have specific responsibilities for the environment –includes other persons or bodies performing public administrative functions in relation to the environment under national law, –as well as other persons or bodies acting under their control and having public responsibilities or functions in relation to the environment.” it encourages Member States to go beyond these minimum rules and to adopt open data policies ………..

5. 5 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels5 COM(2009) 212 final – Review of PSI Directive 2003/98/EC – Although re-use of PSI is growing, much of its potential is still not being tapped because of the way public sector bodies handle their information resources. One of the reasons for this is the focus on short-term cost recovery, as opposed to benefits in the wider economy. This focus is often triggered by pressure on public sector bodies to finance part of their activities. It can result in competition between the public and the private sector, restrictive licensing and charging conditions, and the granting of exclusive rights. A study by the Office of Fair Trading suggests that the way PSI is supplied by public sector bodies costs the UK economy £500 million every year in lost opportunities. A few citations …..

6. 6 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels6 The Austrian Mapping Agency (BEV) has reduced its prices by up to 97% for certain datasets. As a result, use of the information has exploded, in some cases by 7 000%. New users have emerged from small and medium- sized enterprises and new re-use sectors (e.g. health and agriculture). The decrease in prices has been offset by the enormous increase in demand and BEV’s total turnover has remained stable. COM(2009 ) 212 final – Review of PSI Directive 2003/98/EC – Another quote …

7. 7 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels7 In the geographical sector, download volumes of PSI in 2007 had grown by approximately 350% since 2002, and in Germany alone the market was estimated to be €1.5 billion, a 50% increase since 2000. National Meteorological Offices have reported increases in download volumes of 70% between 2002 and 2007, and the EU meteorological market was estimated in 2006 to be worth €530 million, a 60% increase since 1998. Re-users’ main complaints in the geographical and meteorological sectors concern high prices, restrictive licensing conditions and discrimination. In the meteorological sector in particular, re-users having problems obtaining European PSI have gathered data from elsewhere (US or private data sources) or abandoned the development of specific services altogether. COM(2009) 212 final – Review of PSI Directive 2003/98/EC – And one more quote …

8. 8 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels8 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC on public access to environmental information (Aarhus Directive) ‘Environmental information’ shall mean any information in written, visual, oral, electronic or any other material form on: –(a) the state of the elements of the environment, such as air and atmosphere, water, soil, land, landscape and natural sites including wetlands, coastal and marine areas, biological diversity and its components, including genetically modified organisms, and the interaction among these elements; –(b)(c)…etc. Access on request by any natural or legal person – time delay Exceptions may apply … course of justice, security, Intellectual Property Rights, etc. Charging for information: –examination in situ shall be free of charge –when to be supplied: shall not exceed a reasonable amount Dissemination obligation (art.7 (a)...(g)) –(e) data or summaries of data derived from the monitoring of activities affecting, or likely to affect, the environment –in the event of an imminent threat to human health or the environment immediate dissemination …

9. 9 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels9 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT (2009) “ Building a European marine knowledge infrastructure: Roadmap for a European Marine Observation and Data Network” Discovery of Data. It is difficult for potential users to obtain an overview of what data are available for a particular parameter in a particular region. Access to data. Those holding the data may not release them either because of confidentiality or security constraints, because they do not or cannot allocate sufficient resources for archiving and maintaining data. Use of data. Even where data are available, their use or re-use may be limited by the data policy of the owner. Cost of data. The prices imposed by some data-owners undoubtedly reduces the uptake of these data by users. Coherence of Data. Developing a complete picture in time and space over a sea- area using data collected by different bodies is complicated by fragmented standards, formats and nomenclature. This is particularly the case when there is a need to study cross-border areas. Quality of Data. There are no universally-recognised measures of quality, precision or accuracy. Metadata documentation may be sparse or inadequate so potential users do not know what confidence to ascribe to the data. Quantity of Data. Finally there is some concern as to whether enough data is being collected. The current fragmented nature of data collection makes it difficult to determine whether the right data is being collected, whether it is being collected frequently enough or whether there are gaps in its coverage

10. 10 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels10 INSPIRE principles Data should be collected once and maintained at the level where this can be done most effectively Combine seamlessly spatial data from different sources and share it between many users and applications (the concept of interoperability) Spatial data should be collected at one level of government and shared between all levels Spatial data needed for good governance should be available on conditions that are not restricting its extensive use It should be easy to discover which spatial data is available, to evaluate its fitness for purpose and to know which conditions apply for its use

11. 11 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels11 Bringing data together through a Spatial Data Infrastructure Data easily discoverable and accessible to users Like a road infrastructure makes it possible to connect different sites, a spatial data infrastructure makes it possible to connect data located at different sources Easier development of new applications and services Institutional Institutional framework framework DataServicesFundamental data sets Technicalstandards Components

12. 12 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels12 INSPIRE lays down general rules to establish an infrastructure for spatial information in Europe for the purposes of Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment. INSPIRE to be based on the infrastructures for spatial information established and operated by the Member States. INSPIRE does not require collection of new spatial data INSPIRE does not affect existing Intellectual Property Rights INSPIRE Directive General Provisions

13. 13 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels13 INSPIRE Fundamental Data Sets Spatial data held by or on behalf of a public authority operating down to the lowest level of government when laws or regulations require their collection or dissemination INSPIRE covers 34 Spatial Data Themes laid down in 3 Annexes – (required to successfully build environmental information systems)

14. 14 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels14 INSPIRE Data Scope (1) Annex I 1.Coordinate reference systems 2.Geographical grid systems 3.Geographical names 4.Administrative units 5.Addresses 6.Cadastral parcels 7.Transport networks 8.Hydrography 9.Protected sites Annex II 1.Elevation 2.Land cover 3.Ortho-imagery 4.Geology

15. 15 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels15 Annex III 1.Statistical units 2.Buildings 3.Soil 4.Land use 5.Human health and safety 6.Utility and governmental services 7.Environmental monitoring facilities 8.Production and industrial facilities 9.Agricultural and aquaculture facilities 10.Population distribution – demography 11.Area management/restriction /regulation zones & reporting units 12.Natural risk zones 13.Atmospheric conditions 14.Meteorological geographical features 15.Oceanographic geographical features 16.Sea regions 17.Bio-geographical regions 18.Habitats and biotopes 19.Species distribution 20.Energy Resources 21.Mineral resources INSPIRE Data Scope (2)

16. 16 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels16 Environmental phenomena do not stop at national borders! 20% of the EU citizens (110 million) live within 50 Kms from a border. 60 million EU citizens live less than half an hour (25 kms) from a border

17. 17 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels17 Environment and Health 20 million Europeans suffer from respiratory problems every day 10% of European children suffer from asthma In the EU in 2000, about 350,000 were seriously affected due to air pollution caused by fine particulate matter. Current levels of ground-level ozone cause more than 20,000 premature deaths each year and dangerous levels of 'smog', linked with high summer temperatures and nitrous oxide emissions, are on the rise.

18. 18 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels18 Environment & Health Assessment of Health Impacts Exposure Data Health Data Socio-economic data Geographical data Environmental data Air Pollution Cancer Cases Directive on Ambient Air Quality “Atmospheric modelling and measurements of air pollution demonstrate beyond doubt that the pollution emitted in one Member State contributes to measured pollution in other Member States. This shows that individual Member States cannot solve the problems alone and concerted action at the EU scale is required.”

19. 19 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels19 Source: GMES BICEPS Report I- 2 Elevation III – 14 Meteorological geographical features III – 13 Atmospheric conditions II – 2 Landcover III – 18 Habitats and biotopes III – 19 Species distribution III-10 Population distribution — demography III- 6 - Utility and governmental services Etc. III – 7 Environmental Monitoring Facilities III – 13 Atmospheric conditions INSPIRE DATA Themes and Air Quality – Impacts information system

20. 20 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels20 Risk prevention, mitigation and restoration –Identify risk areas for soil degradation Erosion Organic matter decline Compaction and decrease of porosity Salinisation Landslides Soil contamination –Identify contaminated sites – posing a risk to human health or environment Soils Thematic Strategy (proposal for a Soils Directive – no political agreement)

21. 21 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels21 Pesticides Directive establishing a framework for Community action to achieve sustainable use of pesticides and amending Directive 2006/42/EC Specific measures to protect the aquatic environment –Buffer zones – defined as a function of the risk of pollution (soil, climate, etc.) –Measures to limit aerial drift (hedge rows etc.) Reduction of pesticide use in sensitive areas –Identify and list sensitive areas Non-agricultural areas with high run-off risk or leaching. Reporting – info exchange –Through to be defined RISK INDICATORS

22. 22 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels22 Soils Directive Data & Information Requirements Source: GMES BICEPS Report

23. 23 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels23 European Environment and Health Action Plan 2004-2010 European Environment and Health Action Plan 2004-2010 EU Environment and Health Information System Information on environment and health is scattered: not easily accessible, often not comparable, and not of the right quality.. Environmental data sets are generally not gathered for exposure and health purposes (i.e., with incomplete geo- referencing and little or no cross referencing to human exposure) and so are of limited direct use for health assessment purposes. Grass roots problem: Geo-traceability …..

24. 24 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels24 Main deficits of current developed indicators for monitoring environmental health policy Numerous indicators sets available, mostly aimed at environment OR health, except WHO-EHIS No shared institutional infrastructure Differences in indicator definitions and construction (geographical scale, age groups, diagnosis, time periods) Differences in data collection/ reporting systems Lack of harmonized data quality control Limitations of international reporting mechanisms in providing EH relevant data Many different dataholders/reporting obligations

25. 25 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels25 Directive on the Assessment and Management of Floods A preliminary flood risk assessment –Including art.4 a-f (e) Likelyhood of future floods and projected impact of climate change and land use trends Prepare flood risk maps by 2013 – with 6 yearly updates Flood risk management plans by 2015

26. 26 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels26 Floods Early Warning – Forecast - Impact Assessment Data & Information Requirements Source: GMES BICEPS Report I-8 Hydrography I- 2 Elevation III – 7 Environmental Monitoring Facilities III - 12 Natural Risk Zones III – 14 Meteorological geographical features III – 13 Atmospheric conditions III – 3 Soils III – 4 Land-use II – 2 Landcover III – 18 Habitats and biotopes III – 19 Species distribution III-10 Population distribution — demography III- 6 - Utility and governmental services Etc.

27. 27 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels27 Marine Strategy Directive Data and Information Needs ? Source: GMES BICEPS Report

28. 28 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels28 Registers Service Metadata Data Set Metadata Registry ServiceDiscovery Service DT MD DT NS GeoRM layers Application and Geoportals Service Bus InvokeSD Service Transf. Service Spatial Data Set TWG Thematic DS Framework for harmonized DS DT DS View Service Download Service INSPIRE - Architecture Service Layer Data Sources

29. 29 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels29 INSPIRE - Technical I.Metadata II.Interoperability of spatial data sets and services III.Network services (discovery, view, download, transform, invoke) - European geo-portal IV.Data and Service sharing EU / MS V.Coordination and measures for monitoring & reporting INSPIRE is a Framework Directive “Implementing Rules” for: “Implementing Rules” to adopt according to directive “roadmap” “Implementing Rules” bottom-up development with stakeholders

30. 30 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels30 INSPIRE - Data Sharing in force since 15 May 2009 Member States shall adopt measures for the sharing of data and services between public authorities for public tasks relating to the environment without restrictions occurring at the point of use. Public authorities may charge, license each other and Community institutions provided this does not create an obstacle to sharing. When spatial data or services are provided to Community institutions for reporting obligations under Community law relating to the environment then this will not be subject to charging. Member States shall provide the institutions and bodies of the Community with access to spatial data sets and services in accordance with harmonised conditions. Implementing Rule

31. 31 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels31Progress Preparatory phase (2004-2006) –Co-decision procedure –Start of preparation of Implementing Rules Transposition phase (2007-2009) –Directive entered into force 15 May 2007 –Continuation of preparation of Implementing Rules –Transposition into national legislation –Adoption of Implementing Rules by Comitology Regulation Metadata 14/5/2008 – in force Regulation Network Services – part 1 19/12/2008 – in force Decision Monitoring & reporting – 19/12/2008 – in force –15/5/2009 DATA SHARING ENTERS INTO FORCE Regulation Network Services – part 2 14/12/2009 …. Regulation interoperability of spatial data sets and services part 1- 14/12/2008 …… roadmap ….. Implementation phase (2010-2013) –Implementation and monitoring of measures –Continuation of preparation of Implementing Rules –Adoption of Implementing Rules by Comitology

32. 32 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels32

33. 33 e-INFRASTRUCTURES FOR e-SCIENCE: "High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data", 18/02/2010, Brussels33 http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/