1. Society and Technology: Post- Industrial Societies Agenda: Attendance Announcements and Reminders Lecture: Post-industrial societies

2. Announcements and Reminders Quiz 2 next Tuesday Analysis Paper 1: Due 7/14

3. Lecture Overview From Industrial to Post-Industrial Society – Demographic Changes – Workforce Changes  gender education gap activity – Distributional Changes  stratification activity

4. Demography The study of populations – Mortality, marriage, fertility, living arrangements, health

5. Demographic Transition Theory CBR = Birth Rate CDR = Death Rate Stage 1: Pre-Modern High Birth Rate High Mortality

6. Demographic Transition Theory CBR = Birth Rate CDR = Death Rate Stage 2: Industrializing High Birth Rate Declining Mortality -Public Sanitation -Medical Technology -Increased family resources

7. Demographic Transition Theory CBR = Birth Rate CDR = Death Rate Stage 3: Mature Industrial Declining Birth Rate -Children as cost, not resource (child labor laws) -Declining Mortality

8. Demographic Transition Theory CBR = Birth Rate CDR = Death Rate Stage 4: Post- Industrial Steady Birth Rate Steady Mortality

9. Children Per Woman by Country Source: CIA World Factbook

11. Recent demographic change in the U.S. Race/ethnicity Marriage Birth of first child

13. Average Age of First Marriage (U.S. Census) New life stage: the “single 20s”

14. Age of first child for American women 1963-2007 Source: U.S. Census

15. My Research Nau, Michael, Randy Hodson and Rachel Dwyer. “Can’t Afford a Baby?: Debt and Young Americans.” Forthcoming in Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. Are student loans a cause of delayed fertility?

16. Data and Methods Data: National Longitudinal Survey of Youth – 1997 Cohort (NLSY97) Methods: Event History Analysis – Onset of risk at age 16  predicting transition to parenthood among women

19. Key Take Away: Student Loans Delay Fertility for Women

20. Workforce Changes

21. Greater Demand for Service Jobs (Source Bureau of Labor Statistics)

22. Post-industrial Education

23. Source: Current Population Survey

25. Disparities in Educational Attainment by Gender: What do you think? Groups of 3-5, names on paper

26. Social Stratification The study of “who gets what and why” – Power – Income – Wealth – Prestige How has the shift to a post-industrial society affected stratification patterns?

27. Basic Fact: Inequality is Rising Source: Thomas Piketty

28. Basic Fact: Inequality is Rising But Why? Care economy Labor Market De-Institutionalization Financialization Political Representation

29. The Care Economy

30. Contribution of Growth of Care Work Jobs to Job Polarization, 1983-2007

31. Care-based Occupations Nurturant Care WorkReproductive Labor Physicians $$$$$$Housekeepers $ Dentists $$$$$$Cooks $ College Professors $$$$Laundry workers $ Child Care Workers $Food counter and fountain workers $

32. The College Wage Premium

33. Labor Market De-Institutionalization The decline of “equalizing institutions”

34. Changing Distribution of Economic Productivity: From Fordism to Income Stagnation Growth of real hourly compensation for production/nonsupervisory workers and productivity, 1948–2011 Source: Economic Policy Institute

35. Union Strength and Income Distribution

37. Financialization Transition from commodity production to financial activity Growing importance for debt for economic growth

38. Debt Growth  Economic Growth R = 0.64

39. Total Debt as Proportion to GDP

40. Personal Sector Debt as Proportion of GDP

41. Non-Financial Corporate Debt to GDP

42. Financial Sector Debt as Proportion of GDP

43. Government Debt as Proportion of GDP

44. Financialization and Inequality: My Research Nau, Michael. 2013. “Economic Elites, Investments, and Income Inequality.” Social Forces 92:437-461. Data: Federal Reserve Survey of Consumer Finance, Flow of Funds

46. Data and Methods

49. Political Representation: Money in Politics

50. Nobody likes congress, regardless of party A crisis (9/11) is needed for the U.S. Federal government to be popular

51. Political Representation: Incumbents Source: Center for Responsive Politics We “hate the bums, but can’t throw them out”

52. (Average campaign expenditures for successful challengers) Source: Center for Responsive Politics Their “war chests” are just too big

53. *Large donors are less than 1% of the voting-eligible population Source: Center for Responsive Politics

55. Political Representation: 2 parties, same status quo? Source: Center for Responsive Politics

56. Martin Gilens, Affluence & Influence: Economic Inequality and Political Power

57. So What? When is inequality good, when is it bad? How much inequality is “just right”?

58. Inequality: Bad? Income, wealth may not be linked to merit Social cohesion Declining social mobility- “the American Dream” at risk?

59. Inequality: Good? Motivation for hard work, risk-taking Incentive to obtain more training / education Reward for increased responsibility

60. What do you think? Design your own stratification system Groups of 3-4 Names on paper Prepare a 1-2 minute informal presentation

61. Inequality in the Contemporary U.S.

62. Wrap-Up The shift from an industrial to a post-industrial society has meant declining fertility, delayed marriage and a “gender education gap”

63. Wrap-Up Greater demand for – child care – Care for the elderly Increased importance of education and health care sectors But rising inequality – a potential problem

64. Done! Have a great weekend!