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North Korean Perception of International Relations

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Presentation on theme: "North Korean Perception of International Relations"— Presentation transcript:

1 North Korean Perception of International Relations
How NK sees the world How NK sees Northeast Asia

2 Diverse Interpretations of world Politics
The hegemony of American IR Japanese IR South Korean IR

3 Diverse Interpretations
Chinese IR Tianxia Russian IR Civilizations The Self/Other dialectic The Islamic tradition The Umma

4 North Korean IR Universities and state-run research institutes
A unique NK view Increasing interest in international politics, international economic relations, and international laws

5 Socialism and International Relations
Social formation (사회구성체론) Political economy Domestic politics Imperialism

6 Kim Il Sung University 김일성종합대학
Open September 1, 1946 7 schools and 24 departments

7 Kim Il Sung University College of Law: Department of International Law, Department of Political Science School of History School of Philosophy School of Economics

8 Kim Il Sung University Humanities and social sciences (currently)
력사학부(김일성동지혁명력사학과, 김정일동지혁명력사학과, 조선력사학과, 세계력사학과, 당정책사학과, 종교학과) 철학부(철학과, 김일성주의로작과, 주체사상학과) 문학대학(조선문학과, 조선어학과, 한문학과, 도서관학과, 신문학과, 보도학과, 창작학과, 도서정보학과, 민족고전학과)

9 Kim Il Sung University 외국어문학부(로어문학과, 중국어문학과, 영어문학과, 독일어문학과, 불어문학과, 에스파니아문학과) 지리학부 경제학부(정치경제학과, 재정학과, 대외경제학과, 통계학과) 법률대학(법학과, 국제법학과, 정치학과)

10 Academy of Social Science (사회과학원)
Center for Trade Center for International Law Center for International Relations Center for Unification

11 University of International Relations (국제관계대학)
Founded in 1956

12 University of People’s Economy (인민경제대학)
Founded in 1946

13 General Characteristics

14 State and Nation Normative: nationalism, patriotism
Chosun nation first, Koryeo nation first Nation: blood, language, and region Nation > class Daedong River Culture, Pyongyang Dangun Jaju (autonomy)

15 Two opposing camps Dualism: NK vs. US, anti-imperial force vs. imperial force Anti-imperial, independent force=socialist force + international communist movement + national liberation movement + non-alignment movement + peace-loving force Good and evil: neocons, Islamic fundamentalism

16 Power Songun Politics = military-first politics
Kim Il Sung’s military struggle Independence Gangsugndaeguk Economic policy: defense industry first, light industry and agriculture simultaneously

17 Why Military-first politics?
The collapse of Communism, American unipolarity, economic difficulties The chief force of the revolutionary movement: the military, not the workers Working class?

18 Ideology Tangible vs. intangible elements Juche ideology

19 Close to realism Cooperation < conflict, state-centered, the importance of military force

20 Different from realism
Imperialism, class-based, revolution North Korea-centered Revisionism: uncomfortable with the current world order and seeking new order Old international relations: unilateralism, product of imperialism, space of exploitation and plunder Stress democratization of international relations, connects with critical theory

21 Post-Cold War order The collapse of the world socialist system
The balance of power shifted unfavorably 21st century, comeback UN Security Council

22 Unipolarity US at the apex Cold War era: bipolarity
Unfair and unjust Arena for exploitation Cold War era: bipolarity Take interest in the rise of Europe NK seeks good relations with Europe Prefers multipolarity

23 Kim Il Sung Era Kim Il Sung Century
The first century of the independence era The first socialist state appears Multiple socialist states The wind of anti-socialism

24 Kim Jong Il Era (Kim Jong Il century)
New era of Juche revolution Songun period A new, high stage of the revolutionary development 6.15 period

25 NK’s view of Northeast Asia
Confrontation still intact Threat: US and Japan US-ROK and US-Japan alliance Stress amicable relations with China and Russia Exclude Japan and US Conflict of interest between land powers and sea powers

26 Northeast Asia US at the apex, US-Japan-Korea triangle US occupies SK
SK: politically, economically, culturally under US influence (sea power?) Ambivalent about US Japan: the abduction issue

27 Northeast Asian Security
Regional security organization Unrealistic Exclude US and Japan Bilateral interaction The withdrawal of US forces Continental powers vs. maritime powers

28 New Thinking? North Korean IR – reflection of its past
The fortress state: failing and yet threatening Military first to wealth first

29 New Thinking? Economic cooperation, yes; but security dimension
Gorbachev: balance of interest, peaceful coexistence China: peaceful rise, harmonious world North Korea: peace by deterrence

30 New Thinking? A revisionist power
From the fortress state to a bridge state

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