1. THM+ART Senior Review 1 Apr 8, 2008 THEMIS Extended Phase = THEMIS baseline + ARTEMIS THEMIS Senior Review

2. THM+ART Senior Review 2 Apr 8, 2008 THEMIS prime (FY08, FY09) –Overview, orbits –Accomplishments to-date –New results from first tail season –Beyond the substorm trigger THEMIS Extended Phase (FY10, FY11, FY12) –Extended THEMIS Baseline (3 probes) Magnetotail science Inner magnetosphere Dayside science –ARTEMIS (2 probes) Acceleration Reconnection, Turbulence in… The magnetosphere The solar wind Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interactions with the Sun. Summary Overview

3. THM+ART Senior Review 3 Apr 8, 2008 T IME H ISTORY OF E VENTS AND M ACROSCALE I NTERACTIONS DURING S UBSTORMS (THEMIS) RESOLVING THE PHYSICS OF ONSET AND EVOLUTION OF SUBSTORMS PRIME MISSION (FY08 - FY09) SCIENCE GOALS: Primary: “How do substorms operate?” – One of the oldest and most important questions in Geophysics – A turning point in our understanding of the dynamic magnetosphere First bonus science: “What accelerates storm-time ‘killer’ electrons?” – A significant contribution to space weather science Second bonus science: “What controls efficiency of solar wind – magnetosphere coupling?” – Provides global context of Solar Wind – Magnetosphere interaction FIVE PROBES LINE UP TO TIME ONSET AND TRACK ENERGY FLOW IN THE TAIL

4. THM+ART Senior Review 4 Apr 8, 2008 Mission overview: Constellation in excellent health BGS Mission Ops UCB Probe instruments: ESA: ElectroStatic Analyzer (coIs: Carlson and McFadden) SST: Solid State Telescopes (coI: Larson) FGM: FluxGate Magnetometer (coIs: Glassmeier, Auster & Baumjohann) SCM: SearchCoil Magnetometer (coI: Roux) EFI: Electric Field Instrument (coI: Bonnell) Ground SST ESA EFIa EFIs FGM SCM T spin =3s Release D2925-10 @ CCAS

5. THM+ART Senior Review 5 Apr 8, 2008 Launch= 2007-02-17 2007-03-23 2007-06-03 2007-07-15 2007-08-30 2007-12-04 X GSE Y GSE TH-B TH-C TH-D TH-E TH-A P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 First 10 months (Feb 2007-Dec 2007) First year baseline orbit (FY08) Second year baseline orbit (FY09) Prime mission orbits (FY07-FY09) Dayside 1 2008-08-08 Tail 1 2008-02-02 Dayside 2 2009-09-16 Tail 2 2009-02-18

6. THM+ART Senior Review 6 Apr 8, 2008 Probes, instruments function nominally; team in place –Data collected per plan, widely disseminated Mirror sites in Japan, France, Austria, Taiwan, Canada, China Data in CDF, IDL analysis routines available, VMO/SPASE-compliant Software Support, Tutorials on-line and Demos at meetings Pressure for publications and discovery by NASA: huge! –Science discoveries piling up 40 science papers in last AGU conference Numerous papers in Intl. Conf. on Substorms #9 (Graz, Austria) >12 Space Science Review papers in review or in press >16 GRL papers accepted (25% non-coI team, 40% students or post-docs) >20 JGR papers in process –Minimum mission accomplished (First tail season) > 50 substorms collected Optimal data between Feb 15 th - Mar 10 th Data already collected solve substorm trigger problem –Second tail season: ionospheric coupling, statistics and further insight Constellation in good health ready for extended mission planning Status

7. THM+ART Senior Review 7 Apr 8, 2008 Discoveries Dusk MP Sphere Sheath Sibeck et al., GRL, in press Wang et al., GRL, in press Liu et al., GRL, in press

8. THM+ART Senior Review 8 Apr 8, 2008 New results (1 st tail season) Angelopoulos et al. submitted to: Science (embargo in effect)

9. THM+ART Senior Review 9 Apr 8, 2008 Beyond Substorm Timing, 2 nd tail (FY09) + Complete prime mission 2 nd year tail: –Macroscale interactions: flow diversion or tailward retreat of X-line ? –Means of ionospheric coupling –Coupling to local instabilities: ballooning, whistler modes –Statistics of triggers under a variety of solar wind conditions –Do externally (solar wind) triggered onsets differ from spontaneous ones? Beyond prime: resolve open questions on substorms: –What causes gradual auroral brightening ahead of onset? –What process enables the current sheet to reconnect? –Does tail history dictate onset mechanism, location? Extended mission is ideally positioned to go beyond timing studies Pace of discoveries, and progress expected to accelerate

10. THM+ART Senior Review 10 Apr 8, 2008 THEMIS Extension (FY10,11,12)

11. THM+ART Senior Review 11 Apr 8, 2008 ARTEMIS (P1,P2): FY10,11,12 FY10: Translunar injection FY11-12: 6mo Lissajous + 17 mo Lunar

12. THM+ART Senior Review 12 Apr 8, 2008 Extended THEMIS Baseline (P3,P4,P5) At the Magnetotail, Study: –Nature of the near-Earth current sheet –Dissipation of bursty fast flows Result: –Ability to map and model key instability region 2010-04-10 00:00:00 P3 P4 P5 X Z X Y With first ever: –Simultaneous dR-dZ separations, 0.1-1R E –Clustered orbits study the 8-12R E region FAST Courtesy: Pulkkinen and Wiltberger

13. THM+ART Senior Review 13 Apr 8, 2008 Extended THEMIS Baseline (P3,P4,P5) At Inner Magnetosphere, Study Role of: –ULF/VLF/EMIC waves on ion, electron energization/losses –Large electric fields on storm time ring current Result: –Comprehensive AC waves and E-fields models Using novel: –0.1-2R E separations to resolve temporal/spatial evolution of gradients –daily conjunctions: PFISR, S-DARN P3 P4 P5

14. THM+ART Senior Review 14 Apr 8, 2008 Extended THEMIS Baseline (P3,P4,P5) At Subsolar Magnetopause, study: –Asymmetric reconnection: dynamics, evolution and role of cold ions –Internal FTE structure and electron acceleration Result: –Hall-physics of subsolar magneto-pause reconnection, paves way to MMS 2010-04-10 00:00:00 P3 P4 P5 X Z [THEMIS Coast Phase Mozer et al. GRL] Using novel: –Simultaneous dR-dZ separations at 0.1-0.5R E monitor inflow and outflow –Cluster-like separations at subsolar region

15. THM+ART Senior Review 15 Apr 8, 2008 ARTEMIS (P1,P2) In the Magnetosphere, study: –Particle acceleration: X-line or O-line? –Reconnection: 3D character and global effects –Turbulence: Drivers and effects Result: –Reveal 3D distant tail, dynamics In conjunction with: –Solar wind monitors: ACE, WIND, STEREO –Inner magnetosphere monitors: Cluster, Geotail, FAST Using the first: –Two point: dX, dY measurements –…at scales from ion gyroradius to several R E

16. THM+ART Senior Review 16 Apr 8, 2008 ARTEMIS (P1,P2) Using first of a kind: –…two point measurements at scales 1-10 R E, ideal for study of particle evolution in shocks, at foreshock and inertial range of turbulence In the Solar Wind, study: –Particle acceleration at shocks –Nature and extent of elusive low-shear reconnection –Properties of inertial range of turbulence Result: –Advance our understanding of particle acceleration and turbulence in Heliosphere In conjunction with: –Other solar wind monitors: ACE, WIND, STEREO ARTEMIS is: –High-fidelity solar wind monitor –In beacon mode if requested

17. THM+ART Senior Review 17 Apr 8, 2008 ARTEMIS (P1,P2) At the Moon/Wake: –Study 3D structure and evolution of wake –Understand particle acceleration processes at wake –Understand wake refilling for various SW conditions Result: –Advance our understanding of wakes at planetary moons, plasma void refilling around large objects (Shuttle, ISS, Hubble) Using first of a kind: –…two point measurements at scales 0.1-10 R E, ideal for two- point correlations within wake and between wake and solar wind

18. THM+ART Senior Review 18 Apr 8, 2008 THEMIS has delivered on its promises –Major discoveries from coast phase in GRL, JGR, SSR special issues –Minimum mission accomplished, substorm trigger identified, to be solidified by 2 nd year statistics –Major discoveries from 1 st tail season to appear in Science, JGR, Annales Geophysicae THEMIS to dominate in Intl. Substorm Conference #9 THEMIS+ARTEMIS: Continue to fully embrace community –All Data Open in CDF, IDL Analysis Code on-line, VMO/SPASE –Help line: THEMIS_Software_Support; Quality Controlled Code updates –Mirror sites proliferating in US, Europe and Asia –Software tutorials at main meetings –Papers by non-team members already in press THEMIS+ARTEMIS: Can Form Cornerstone of Heliophysics Observatory –In novel orbits, with comprehensive instrumentation, address pressing Heliophysics questions THEMIS baseline = Clustered at equatorial magnetosphere: uniquely suited to address current dynamics, dissipation ARTEMIS = Two probes, address fundamental physics in Tail, Solar wind and at the Lunar distances –A bridge in Heliophysics discipline, between ISTP+Cluster era and RBSP, MMS era –Complement existing missions and provide context for new ones (e.g., RBSP) Summary