5. Argentina

6. BEFORE: Most Latin American countries had gained political independence by 1850. Latin American countries failed to industrialize and were dependent on goods from Europe and the U.S. The British wanted access to raw materials in Latin America.

7. Here we see huge drying racks covered in hides in Argentina. At the time of the photograph about half of the hides exported from Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay were “flint-hides” that were sundried until they became as hard as iron.

8. Argentina AFTER: British capital (money) increased the control the U.K. had over Latin American countries like Argentina. British business people migrated to Latin America to raise sheep and cattle and build facilities to transport goods. Bank loans gave British banks further economic control over the region.

10. Mexico

11. BEFORE: France copied Britain’s “informal imperialist” approach (HEGEMONY), businesses and banks invested in Latin America. Mexico failed to pay its debts to European banks, so Britain and France sent naval forces to Mexico as a threat. France occupied Mexico & installed its own emperor in 1862.

12. Here we see the French Emperor Maximilian and Empress Carlota, rulers of Mexico from 1864 to 1867. Maximilian was a naïve liberal who viewed himself as the protector of Indian peasants, but did not understand the complex political situation in Mexico. He was executed three years later.

13. Mexico AFTER: The U.S. had passed the Monroe Doctrine that demanded the withdrawal of European control over Latin American countries Mexican resistance and pressure from the U.S. forced France out in 1867.

15. Cuba BEFORE: The U.S. used Britain’s informal imperialist approach by investing in business with Latin America. In 1823, U.S. President Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine which banned European nations from further colonizing Latin America. In 1898, the U.S. went to war with Spain.

16. MONROE DOCTRINE: A U.S. foreign policy focused on keeping European powers from controlling any Latin American nation Describe what you see in the cartoon. What is the message? James Monroe was the 5th President of the United States, serving between 1817 and 1825. The Monroe Doctrine was passed in 1823.

17. Here we see American soldiers cheering and waving in 1898 after receiving news that the Spanish had surrendered at Santiago, Cuba, ending the Spanish-American War. Notice the soldiersare standing in front of a trench dug in preparation for battle.

18. Cuba AFTER: The U.S. defeated Spain & then occupied Cuba & seized Puerto Rico. In 1904 the Roosevelt Corollary said that the U.S. would use international police power to protect American interests in Latin America. The U.S. intervened militarily in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, & helped Panama break away from Colombia. The U.S. then began construction of the Panama Canal.

19. ROOSEVELT COROLLARY: An extension of the Monroe Doctrine declaring that the United States would police unstable Latin American debtor nations; also known as the “Big Stick Policy” Theodore Roosevelt was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, naturalist, and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909.

21. A. Describe what you see. What is the message?

22. B. Describe what you see. What is the message?

24. C. Describe what you see. What is the message?

26. D. Describe what you see. What is the message?

27. E. Describe what you see. What is the message?

28. IMPACTS OF IMPERIALISM

29. Impacts of Imperialism - Positives Some westernization improved colonies: sanitation, hospitals and schools Some humanitarian efforts: elimination of slavery!!! Life spans increased & literacy rates improved among natives b/c of westernization Economic expansion of colonized countries Goods valued on an international market! Infrastructure Improved: Railroads, dams, telephones, telegraph lines

30. Impacts of Imperialism - Negatives – No control of natives’ lands & no independence – Death: Many died of new diseases – Death: Many natives lost lives in resisting Europeans – Breakdown of cultures of native peoples – assimilation and westernization – converting them to Christianity!!! – Authority figures were replaced by Europeans – No Industrialization! Why? – Economically dependant on Imperial powers – Racism (Social Darwinism; White Man’s Burden; Paternalism) – Political instability without European influence