1. Bell Ringer 03/22/16 ▪ Why did the United States declare war on Japan in 1941? ▪ Why did the United States have a war with Afghanistan in 2001?

2. World War I: The Great War, 1914- 1917

3. Main Causes of WWI - MAIN Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

4. Militarism – Build-up of military forces

5. Arms Race in Europe ▪ Germany competed with Great Britain to build battleships ▪ Also competing with Russia and France to expand their armies

6. Alliance System Triple Alliance ▪ Germany ▪ Austria- Hungary ▪ Italy

7. Alliance System Triple Entente ▪ Russia ▪ France ▪ Great Britain

8. Alliance System System was supposed to create global security and a balance of power Instead it drew the entire world into war.

9. Imperialism ▪ Germany wanted colonies to compete with French, British, and US colonies.

10. Nationalism ▪ Increased imperialism and militarism led to greater national pride for Europe and America. ▪ Smaller nations, such as Serbia, also found national pride. ▪ Led to independence movements against large European nations, like Austria-Hungary

11. War Breaks Out in Europe Archduke Ferdinand murdered by Serb nationalist Jun 28, 1914 Austria- Hungary declares war on Serbia Jul 28, 1914 Russia declares war on Austria- Hungary Aug 1, 1914

12. War Breaks Out in Europe Germany declares war on Russia and France Aug 3, 1914 Great Britain declares war on Germany and Austria Hungary Aug 3 1914

13. Europe Picks Teams Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Russia France Great Britain Central PowersAllied Powers

14. Germany attacks Belgium, Aug.4, 1911 ▪ Known as the Schlieffen Plan ▪ Attack France and win quickly ▪ Attack Russia after France ▪ Fails because France stops German attack

15. Trench Warfare Germans and French dig 475 miles of trench on the Western Front

16. WWI: The First Modern War

17. After watching the video, which WWI tech do you think had the most dramatic effect on the war?

18. US Remains Neutral ▪ US had always stayed out of European problems ▪ Known as isolationism

19. Leaning towards Allied Powers ▪ US had always been close with France and GB ▪ US had strong financial ties to Allied Powers – In 1917, Britain bought $75 million in war supplies each week.

21. “Unrestricted Submarine Warfare” ▪ In 1915, Germany announced it would destroy all enemy ships around Great Britain. ▪ Increased tension between Germany and US

22. Heading toward War ▪ In 1915, the Lusitania was sunk by a German Uboat ▪ 1200 passengers are killed, including 128 Americans ▪ In 1916, German Uboats attack the Sussex, injuring many Americans.

23. Sussex Pledge ▪ Germany agrees to not sink merchant vessels “without warning and without saving human lives” ▪ Germany is afraid America will enter the war

24. Zimmerman Note ▪ Sent by German Foreign Minister Zimmerman to Mexico. ▪ Wanted Mexico to declare war on US to keep them out of Europe

25. Wilson Asks for War

26. US Declares War on Germany ▪ Unrestricted Submarine Warfare and Zimmerman Note push US into war. ▪ Congress passes Selective Service Act in 1917 to raise an army to send to Europe – known as a draft. ▪ Swells army to more than 3 million men. ▪ Over 3,000 young men in Hart County will sign up for the draft.

28. American Expeditionary Force ▪ US troops organized into the AEF; Known as “Doughboys” ▪ Led by General “Blackjack” Pershing ▪ Arrive in France in 1917 ▪ Help to halt German advances in 1918

29. America in the War

30. War on the Home Front ▪ WWI required total mobilization of society – Women enter workforce ▪ US government takes control of the entire economy; establishes 5000 agencies to do this ▪ Espionage and Sedition Acts allows government to jail anyone against the war effort – 6300 Germans are interned during war

32. War Ends November 11, 1918 ▪ Major powers meet at Versailles near Paris ▪ Wilson’s “14 points” as a basis for peace – Freedom – Self-determination of peoples – Freedom of the seas – International organization to preserve peace (League of Nations)

33. Treaty of Versailles, 1919 ▪ Made Germany pay $28 billion dollars to Allied nations as compensation for war damages; Reparations ▪ Wilson’s League of Nations is included ▪ US Senate, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, refuses to ratify the Treaty of Versailles. ▪ Too harsh on Germany and prevented American Isolationism

34. Impact of World War I ▪ 325,000 Americans dead; 14 million total ▪ Communist take control in Russia ▪ United States emerges as major world economic power (Europe a mess) ▪ Women gain increased role in society; 19 th Amendment ▪ Reparations will be a major cause of WWII