1. WHY SELF-SUSTAINING GREENHOUSE? Prof. Sean MacDonald Spring 2016 By: Milor Louis ECON. 2505 ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMY

2. OBJECTIVE We will discuss: 1. Introduction 2. Intended field trip research 3. what is a conventional greenhouse 4. How it works 5. Problems 6. Solutions 7. Breakdown of each system 8. Benefits 9. Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION A greenhouse works by greatly increasing the growing season for a variety of vegetables. It does this by controlling temperatures, light, and even humidity. The purpose of my research was to investigate how a self sustaining greenhouse system can improve the actual conventional greenhouse.

4. INTENDED FIELD TRIP Located at Gowanus Source: Gothamgreens.com

5. GOTHAM GREENHOUSE FACILITIES Source: Gothamgreens.com

6. WHAT IS A GREENHOUSE ? A greenhouse is a glass structure house in which the temperature is maintained within a desired range, which it is used for cultivating tender plants or growing plants out of season. Source: Google Images

7. HOW IT WORKS Source: Google Images

8. PROBLEM Source: Google Images

9. CONT. PROBLEM Source: Google Images

10. SOLUTIONS This can be corrected by having an automation system that can monitor the weather while controlling the inside temperature simultaneously by using temperature sensor. The implementation can be done by having an integration heating and cooling system.

11. HEATING SYSTEM A greenhouse heating system is important for maintaining a uniform warm temperature throughout the entire interior of a greenhouse despite colder temperatures outside of it. Sensors can be used to gather data in real time about the temperature and humidity of the crop zone, and this data is sent to the computer which uses software to increase or reduce the temperature of the greenhouse Convection Convection heat transfer is the physical movement of a warm gas or liquid to a colder location. Heat transfer by convection includes not only the movement of air but also the movement of water vapor. Radiation Radiation heat transfer occurs between two bodies without direct contact or the need for a medium such as air. Like light, heat radiation follows a straight line and is either reflected, transmitted or absorbed upon striking an object. Conduction Heat is conducted either through a substance or between objects by direct physical contact. Any heating system that provides uniform temperature control without releasing material harmful to the plants is acceptable.

12. COOLING SYSTEM Ventilation reduces inside temperature during sunny days and supplies carbon dioxide, which is vital to the plants’ photosynthesis. Another advantage of ventilation is to remove warm, moist air and replace it with drier air. Exhaust Fans in End Wall Fans in the end wall are the most common method of forced ventilation. The air enters through the motorized shutter (winter) and is pulled through the greenhouse by the exhaust fans. Pressure Fans in End Walls The fans in the end wall are usually two-speed and controlled by separate thermostats Ventilation for greenhouses that are 100 feet or shorter can be accomplished by mounting pressure fans, which blow air into the house, high in the end walls. Natural Ventilation Some greenhouses can be ventilated using side and ridge vents, which run the full length of the house and can be opened as needed to provide the desired temperature. This method uses thermal gradients, creating circulation due to warm air rising

13. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF A GREENHOUSE SYSTEM USING NI EMBEDDED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY (15S TO2MN) Source: youtube.com

14. THE LAST VIDEO Source: youtube.com

15. BENEFITS This system is much more beneficial. According to Gotham Greens, this production techniques are capable of producing over 50% more crop than conventional greenhouses while using 25% less energy per pound of crop produced. This system increasing food security. Also, the 170,000 square feet of greenhouses that Gotham Greens has produce yields equivalent to over 100 acres of conventional field farming. Therefore, this method yields 20-30 times more product per acre than field production while eliminating any use of arable land. Conversion, a 17000 Sq. feet= 3 acres A 25’ x 90’ greenhouse = 2,250 sf. Conventional greenhouse make a Profit of $3,600 All year long sustaining greenhouse make a profit of $10,700

16. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT By having more crops and plants, this will help reduce CO2 in the environment and shoot out more Oxygen. Also, Because of the proximity of this system to the destination, it will eliminate the need for long- distance, refrigerated food transportation. Finally, these facilities can be supplied with on site solar panels and high efficiency design features, such as LED lighting, advanced glazing, passive ventilation, and thermal curtains. This will sharply reduce electrical and heating demand.

17. CONCLUSION The advantages of this greenhouse compared to standard greenhouses: The biggest advantage of this self-sustaining passive greenhouse is that it offers a closed controlled environment where the water is always recirculated. The second advantage of this greenhouse is that it is self- sustaining, it needs only minimal human intervention. This is possible by using embedded solutions (like an eBox) for process control and environment monitoring. The third advantage of this greenhouse is that it is passive, all the energy it needs can be produced locally by photovoltaic panels. The fourth advantage of this greenhouse is that it is eco-friendly, it uses only environmental-friendly technology like renewable energy sources, for heating and cooling it uses a heat pump and not traditional heating and cooling equipment.

18. WORK SCITED Gotham Greens Local Produce http://gothamgreens.com/ Giuliano Vox, Meir Teitel, Alberto (Feb, 2010) Sustainable greenhouse system in “Sustainable Agriculture Technology Planning and Management.” G.A. Giacomelli, S. Sase, R. Cramer, J. Hoogeboom, A. MacKenzie, (Sept, 2012) Greenhouse Production System for People Retrieve from Googlescholar.com Thierry Boulard ( October, 2007) Greenhouse-crop system control for a sustainable plant production. Retrieve from Googlescholar.com

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