1. INTRODUCTION TO PEDIATRICS 1IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-16

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3. INTRODUCTION Branch of medicine that deals with the care of children and adolescents. Derived from the two Greek words – Pedo pais meaning a child – Iatros meaning healer IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-163

4. AREAS OF IMPORTANCE – Growth and development – Nutrition – Immunization – Opportunity to achieve full potential as adults. IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-164

5. HISTORY The first generally accepted paediatric hospital is the Hôpital des Enfants Malades Means Hospital for Sick Children in French opened in Paris in June 1802 Presently called as Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, after merger with Necker hospital in 1920. IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-165

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7. Swedish physician Nils Rosén von Rosenstein (1706– 1773) is considered to be the founder of modern Paediatrics IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-167

8. HISTORY OF PEDIATRICS IN INDIA Paediatrics made its beginning in Bombay in 1928 as the late Dr George Coelho, Considered as the Father of Paediatrics in our country Superintendent of the first independent hospital, BJ Hospital for children in 1928. IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-168

9. PEDIATRICS AS A SPECIALTY Fascinating specialty Deals with care of premature to adolescents Also covers intensive care management of sick neonates and children along with providing home care to newborns IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-169

10. PERIODS OF GROWTH Neonate Infancy Toddler Preschool School age children Early Adolescents Middle Adolescents Late Adolescents IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1610

11. NEONATE First 4 weeks of life IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1611

12. INFANCY Up to 1 year of age IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1612

13. TODDLER 1-3 years of age IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1613

14. PRESCHOOL 3-6 years of age IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1614

15. SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN 6-12 years IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1615

16. ADOLESCENTS 12-18 years of age IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1616

17. IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1617

18. FACTORS Economic considerations Educational, social and cultural considerations Prevalence of infectious agents Climate and geography Agricultural resources and practices Stage of industrialization and urbanization Gene frequencies of disorders Health and social welfare infrastructure IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1618

19. CHILD MORTALITY India has the highest number of child births as well as deaths. 27 million babies are born every year This accounts for a 20% of the global birth cohort IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1619

20. DEFINITIONS Under 5 mortality rate – Number of deaths under the age of 5 years per 1000 live births – 52 per 1000 live births in 2012 IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1620

21. CAUSES FOR UNDER 5 MORTALITY – Pneumonia – Complications of prematurity – Diarrhea – Birth asphyxia – Neonatal sepsis – Congenital anomalies – Measles – Injuries IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1621

22. DEFINITIONS Infant Mortality rate – Number of deaths under the age of 1 year per 1000 live births – 42 per 1000 live births in 2012 IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1622

23. DEFINITIONS Neonatal Mortality Rate – Number of deaths under the age of 28days per 1000 live births – 29 per 1000 live births in 2012 IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1623

24. DEFINITIONS Early Neonatal Mortality Rate – Number of deaths under the age of 7 days per 1000 live births – 23 per 1000 live births in 2012 IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1624

25. NATIONAL PROGRAMS ON CHILD HEALTH Core of the health policy Multiple child health programs have been rolled out. The Diarrheal Disease Control Program was launched in 1981 Universal immunization program against 6 diseases was launched in 1985. IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1625

26. NATIONAL PROGRAMS ON CHILD HEALTH ARI control program launched in 1990. Child survival and safe motherhood (CSSM) program launched in 1992 which combined interventions for child survival and maternal health. CSSM and program for family planning was combined to form reproductive and child health program in 1997 IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1626

27. NATIONAL PROGRAMS ON CHILD HEALTH National Rural Health Program (NRHM) launched in 2005. The RCH program was combined with NRHM. RMNCH+A was launched in 2013 which is an ongoing child health program IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1627

28. IAP Indian Academy of Pediatrics. Association of pediatricians in India Was established in 1962 in Patna, Bihar. Largest association of pediatrics in India. IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-1628

29. Thank You 29IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-16