1. Two Ball and Delta New team field sports for the twenty-first century © Edwin M. Hopkins

2. Two Ball and Delta What are Two Ball and Delta? The games of Two Ball and Delta offer more than a single focus of action around more than one ball in play. Two Ball is a team field sport involving two teams playing two balls by hand at the same time for constant action focussed at either or both ends of the playing field. Goal scoring occurs from all around each goal, not just in front of it. Delta plays similarly to Two Ball but on a triangular field with three goals, three teams, and three balls all in play at the same time. These experimental sports welcome male and female participants of all ages to try the games and share experiences with them. The games of Two Ball and Delta offer more than a single focus of action around more than one ball in play. Two Ball is a team field sport involving two teams playing two balls by hand at the same time for constant action focussed at either or both ends of the playing field. Goal scoring occurs from all around each goal, not just in front of it. Delta plays similarly to Two Ball but on a triangular field with three goals, three teams, and three balls all in play at the same time. These experimental sports welcome male and female participants of all ages to try the games and share experiences with them.

3. Two Ball and Delta What skills and characteristics do Two Ball and Delta players use/develop? Physical exercize and fitness. Stamina and endurance. Team work and tactics. Game play planning and strategy. Social cohesion. Resourcefulness under pressure. Role flexibility and adaptability. Physical exercize and fitness. Stamina and endurance. Team work and tactics. Game play planning and strategy. Social cohesion. Resourcefulness under pressure. Role flexibility and adaptability. Alertness and ready responsiveness. Running. Single handed ball handling and control. Throwing with accuracy. Catching. Carrying and passing. xt

4. Two Ball and Delta Who Plays Two Ball and Delta? Male and female adults, youth, and children can play games of Two Ball and Delta. In fact normal play of both games involves teams of mixed gender; single gender teams may play as experimental variations. Variations of both games scale for the stature of the players. For both games teams consist of no more than twelve players with no more than seven players on the playing field at any one time. With both games for each team, players on the field are one Goal Tender and six Ball Handlers. Male and female adults, youth, and children can play games of Two Ball and Delta. In fact normal play of both games involves teams of mixed gender; single gender teams may play as experimental variations. Variations of both games scale for the stature of the players. For both games teams consist of no more than twelve players with no more than seven players on the playing field at any one time. With both games for each team, players on the field are one Goal Tender and six Ball Handlers.

5. Two Ball and Delta What equipment do Two Ball and Delta require? Teams supply their own game play balls, goal surfaces, and goal totems.

6. Two Ball and Delta BallsBalls Spherical balls for both games: Have a textured surface and are coloured for team identification; Inflate to a pressure of 35 kilopascals; When inflated, have a mass of 350 grams and a diameter of 25 centimetres, but may be scaled for player stature. Common playground balls may substitute. Spherical balls for both games: Have a textured surface and are coloured for team identification; Inflate to a pressure of 35 kilopascals; When inflated, have a mass of 350 grams and a diameter of 25 centimetres, but may be scaled for player stature. Common playground balls may substitute.

7. Two Ball and Delta Goal Surfaces Circular goal surfaces are: One metre in radius; Coloured in the respective team’s own game play colour; and Mounted level on no more than four points of contact with the playing field. Circular goal surfaces are: One metre in radius; Coloured in the respective team’s own game play colour; and Mounted level on no more than four points of contact with the playing field.

8. Two Ball and Delta Goal Totems Goal Totems are: Of any shape, but circular in horizontal cross-section throughout their entire minimum 120 centimetre height; 15 centimetres in diameter at the base and no less than 20 centimetres in diameter at their greatest diameter; With their centres of mass no lower than thirty centimetres above the base. Common skittles or bowling pins may substitute Goal Totems are: Of any shape, but circular in horizontal cross-section throughout their entire minimum 120 centimetre height; 15 centimetres in diameter at the base and no less than 20 centimetres in diameter at their greatest diameter; With their centres of mass no lower than thirty centimetres above the base. Common skittles or bowling pins may substitute

9. Two Ball and Delta How are Two Ball and Delta fields layed out? The Two Ball Field.

10. Two Ball and Delta How are Two Ball and Delta fields layed out? The Delta Field.

11. Two Ball and Delta Who Officiates Two Ball and Delta Games? One Off Play Referee, responsible to ensure fair and safe play away from any ball. Two or three Ball Referees, each assigned to one game ball and responsible to ensure fair and safe play. Two or three Goal Judges, each assigned to one goal and responsible to judge and signal each scoring action. One Timer. One Score Keeper. One Off Play Referee, responsible to ensure fair and safe play away from any ball. Two or three Ball Referees, each assigned to one game ball and responsible to ensure fair and safe play. Two or three Goal Judges, each assigned to one goal and responsible to judge and signal each scoring action. One Timer. One Score Keeper.

12. Two Ball and Delta How does Two Ball and Delta game play start? A game may not start if environmental conditions are such that either of the goal totems cannot stand freely on its goal surface. At each start of Two Ball or Delta play:*All Ball Handlers are within their own team’s back field, behind their team’s goal line; and*Goal Tenders are within their own goal circles and have possession of their own team’s game ball. Play starts on a signal from the Time Keeper: *For Two Ball, both Goal Tenders throw their own balls along the centre line into their own back fields; or *For Delta, the three Goal Tenders throw their own balls into their own back fields, between the two centre lines. A game may not start if environmental conditions are such that either of the goal totems cannot stand freely on its goal surface. At each start of Two Ball or Delta play:*All Ball Handlers are within their own team’s back field, behind their team’s goal line; and*Goal Tenders are within their own goal circles and have possession of their own team’s game ball. Play starts on a signal from the Time Keeper: *For Two Ball, both Goal Tenders throw their own balls along the centre line into their own back fields; or *For Delta, the three Goal Tenders throw their own balls into their own back fields, between the two centre lines.

13. Two Ball and Delta How does Two Ball and Delta play proceed? A game of Two Ball or Delta takes ninety minutes to play, divided into three periods of thirty minutes with no stoppage of play. Variations on both games scale playing time for the stature of the players. With one hand only, any player may catch, hold, carry, or throw any ball or otherwise play any ball with any part of the player’s own body above the knees, but may not grasp, ground, kick, nor head a ball. A Goal Tender, while inside the goal circle, may also grasp, ground, or kick any ball, but may not head a ball. Ball Handlers play over the entire field except inside the goal circles. A game of Two Ball or Delta takes ninety minutes to play, divided into three periods of thirty minutes with no stoppage of play. Variations on both games scale playing time for the stature of the players. With one hand only, any player may catch, hold, carry, or throw any ball or otherwise play any ball with any part of the player’s own body above the knees, but may not grasp, ground, kick, nor head a ball. A Goal Tender, while inside the goal circle, may also grasp, ground, or kick any ball, but may not head a ball. Ball Handlers play over the entire field except inside the goal circles.

14. Two Ball and Delta How do Two Ball and Delta teams score? Scoring occurs when a goal totem falls over. Normally, any ball striking a totem and knocking it over scores. Except for a playing fault, a foul play, or an environmental incident, any other action that causes a totem to fall also scores. Points for scoring are awarded:*One point if the scoring ball is a colour other than that of the totem;*Two points if the scoring ball is the same colour as the totem. Scoring occurs when a goal totem falls over. Normally, any ball striking a totem and knocking it over scores. Except for a playing fault, a foul play, or an environmental incident, any other action that causes a totem to fall also scores. Points for scoring are awarded:*One point if the scoring ball is a colour other than that of the totem;*Two points if the scoring ball is the same colour as the totem.

15. Two Ball and Delta What Two Ball and Delta playing restrictions exist? To facilitate smooth and continuous play, free from undue risk of injury to players, specific actions and player behaviours are identified in the rules of the games as prohibited and enforced by the referees. Playing faults have immediate consequences, normally including surrender of a ball. Foul plays also have immediate consequences that include timed player exclusion from play. Substantial fouls result in player exclusion for the remainder of a game. To facilitate smooth and continuous play, free from undue risk of injury to players, specific actions and player behaviours are identified in the rules of the games as prohibited and enforced by the referees. Playing faults have immediate consequences, normally including surrender of a ball. Foul plays also have immediate consequences that include timed player exclusion from play. Substantial fouls result in player exclusion for the remainder of a game.

16. Two Ball and Delta How are Two Ball and Delta scaled for children, youth, and adults? Game play scaling is by stature and stature is measured by hand span only. Stature (hand span) Ball Diameter Main Circle Radius Goal Circle Radius Full Game Time Period of Play Time Unlimited25 cm.25 m.5 m.90 min.30 min. Under 24 cm.23 cm.25 m.5 m.90 min.30 min. Under 21 cm.20 cm.20 m.4.5 m.60 min.20 min. Under 18 cm.17.2 cm.15 m.4 m.60 min.20 min. Under 15 cm.14.3 cm.12 m.3.5 m.45 min.15 min. Under 12 cm.11.5 cm.10 m.3 m.30 min.10 min. Hand Span

17. Two Ball and Delta Thank you for viewing. For game play details, please see the Two Ball and Delta rule book.