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Earthquakes 1 Presented by: Anjela Lu B. Arellano https://www.tumblr.com/search/earthquake+gifs
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What are Earthquakes? Violent shaking of the ground Destructive phenomenon https://www.tumblr.com/search/earthquake+gifs
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What causes Earthquakes? Active Volcanoes (Volcanic quakes) Outside influences (Induced quakes) Shifting of Tectonic plates Slip on a Fault https://www.tumblr.com/search/earthquake+gifs
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Slip Relative displacement Adjacent points Opposite sides of fault www.wikipedia.com
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Fault Break Movement takes place o Fault Plane Fracture surface o Fault line or Fault trace Intersection Fault plane and Ground surface www.sciencebuzz.org http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov.html
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Different types of Fault Normal Faulting – Crust is pulled apart Reverse faulting – Crust is being compressed Strike-slip – Crust moves sideways Oblique slip – Various combinations http://www.iris.edu
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Tectonic plates Also called: Lithospheric Plate Irregular shape Composition: Continental & Oceanic lithosphere https://www.tumblr.com/search/earthquake+gifs www.science.taskermilward.org.uk
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Stress Force applied to an objectTypes of stress: Confining – Deeply buried rock is pushed down Compression – Squeezed together – Fractures and folds Tension – Pulled apart Shear – Parallel – Opposite directions http://www.iris.edu
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Seismic waves Waves of energy Recorded in seismograph http://sciencelearn.org.nz
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Types of Seismic waves Body Waves – Travel through Earth’s inner layers Surface Waves – Travel through crust http://www.iris.edu
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Creep vs. Major Earthquake Creep: Slow and continuous movement Major earthquake: Sudden slip on a fault http://www.iris.edu/hq/programs/education_and_outreach/animations/10 https://www.tumblr.com/search/earthquake+gifs http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/creep/
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Foreshock, Mainshock & Aftershock Foreshock – smaller earthquake Mainshock – Greatest magnitude Aftershock – Continue after mainshock http://www.iris.edu
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References "Fault (geology)." Wikipedia. 29 Aug. 2015. Web. 31 Aug. 2015.. "Earthquake Fault Information & County Fault Maps." Utah Geological Survey. Web. 1 Sept. 2015. "What Are Earthquakes?" - For Dummies. Web. 31 Aug. 2015. "USGS FAQs - Earthquakes, Plate Tectonics, Earth Structure - What Is an Earthquake and What Causes Them to Happen?" USGS FAQs - Earthquakes, Plate Tectonics, Earth Structure - What Is an Earthquake and What Causes Them to Happen? Web. 1 Sept. 2015. "Plate Tectonics, Tectonic Plates Information, Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic." National Geographic. Web. 1 Sept. 2015. "Different Types of Faults." / Earthquakes and Faults / Earthquakes / Science Topics / Learning / Home. Web. 1 Sept. 2015. "Creep Evidence of Active Faulting." Creep Evidence of Active Faulting. Web. 10 Sept. 2015.. "CK-12 Foundation." Stress in Earth's Crust. Web. 10 Sept. 2015.. Earthquake Glossary - Mainshock." Earthquake Glossary - Mainshock. Web. 10 Sept. 2015.. "Visual Glossary." USGS Geology in the Parks. Web. 10 Sept. 2015.. "Foreshocks, Mainshocks, and Aftershocks." Section 2: Regional Seismicity Module --. Web. 10 Sept. 2015.. "Same Earthquake, Different Stations; Why Do the Seismograms Look Different?" IRIS -. Web. 10 Sept. 2015.. https://www.tumblr.com/search/earthquake+gifs
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