1. Unit 14 - Animals

2. Animal Traits Eukaryotes (complex cells with nuclei) Heterotrophs (do not make their own food) Multicellular Motile (can move) Sexual Reproduction No cell walls

3. Radial Symmetry Limbs “radiate” out from center point Difficult to move in one direction No eyes or complex organs

4. Bilateral Symmetry Two symmetrical sides Eyes facing forward Moves easily in one direction

5. Body Shape Bell (ex: Jellyfish) Tube (ex: Sea anemone) A. Ectoderm B. Tentacles C. Endoderm D. Coelom

6. Body Support TypeConstructionExample EndoskeletonBoneVertebrates HydrostaticWater pressureEarthworm ExoskeletonChitinInsects ShellCalcium carbonateMollusks

7. Animal Groups – Invertebrates Invertebrate Phyla: 1.Porifera 2.Cnidarians 3.Platyhelminthes 4.Nematodes 5.Mollusks 6.Annelids 7.Arthropods 8.Echinoderms Invertebrates:  Animals with NO backbone  Make up 97% of animal species  Most live in water

8. Animal Groups – Vertebrates Vertebrate Phyla: 9. Chordates – the only group of vertebrates! Vertebrates:  Animals with a backbone  Make up 3% of animal species

9. 1. Porifera Ex. Sponges Simplest animals Filter feeders

10. 2. Cnidarians Ex. Jellyfish and coral Stinging cells Radial symmetry

11. 3. Platyhelminthes Ex. Flukes and tapeworms Flatworms First animals with Bilateral symmetry

12. 4. Nematodes Roundworms Hookworms

13. 5. Mollusks Ex. Snails, Octopus, Clams Usually shelled Move with pseudopods

14. 6. Annelids Ex. Earthworms Segmented worms

15. 7. Arthropods: Largest invertebrate group! Insects 6 legs 3 body segments Head, Thorax, Abdomen Antennae and Wings Metamorphosis: change forms over life cycle Arachnids Ex. Spiders, crustaceans (crabs, lobster) 8 legs 2 body segments

16. 8. Echinoderms Ex. Starfish Endoskeleton Closest relative to vertebrates Spiny

17. 9. Chordates Ex. Birds, fish, mammals Vertebrates Have a spinal cord 3% of all animals

18. Evolutionary Developments- simplest to most complex 1. Multicellular 2. Tissues 3. Body Cavity 4. Coelom (hollow cavity containing internal organs) 5. Bilateral symmetry 6. Segmentation 7. Jointed Appendages (limbs) 8. Complex embryos 9. Spinal Cord

19. Vertebrate Characteristics 1. Backbone 2. Bilateral symmetry 3. 4 limbs 4. Well developed senses 5. Large brains

20. Evolution of Vertebrates

21. Fish Types: 1. Jawless is most primitive 2. Cartilaginous Flexible skeleton 3. Bony Fish (most fish) Scales Gills Lays soft eggs Live only in water Exothermic – don’t produce body heat Swim bladders to help buoyancy

22. Amphibians Spends half of life in water and half on land First vertebrate group on land Ex. Frogs, newts Exothermic Breathe through their skin - only adults have lungs

23. Reptiles First to be completely on land Tough, watertight scales Lungs Leathery eggs Exothermic

24. Birds Lungs Hard eggs Feathers = Modified scales Endothermic – produces own body heat Hollow bones adapted for flight

25. Mammals Feed young with milk Give birth to live young (not eggs) Hair or fur Endothermic

26. Types of Mammals Placental Young develop inside mother Ex: Dolphin, human, dog Marsupial Young develop inside mother’s pouch All found in Australia Ex: Kangaroo

27. Monotremes Mammals that LAY EGGS Ex: platypus Although one of the main traits of a mammal is young that develop inside the mother, monotremes are considered mammals because they have mammary glands and fur. Laying eggs evolved later.