1. Chapter 12 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

2. KingdomProtist Nutritional TypeChemoheterotroph MulticellularityNone Cellular ArrangementUnicellular Food Acquisition MethodAbsorptive; ingestive Characteristic FeaturesMotility; some form cysts Embryo FormationNone Protozoa

3. Characteristics of Protozoa Vegetative form is a trophozoite Asexual reproduction is by fission, budding, or schizogony Sexual reproduction by conjugation Some produce cysts

4. Medically Important Phyla of Protozoa Archaezoa Microspora Amoebozoa Apicomplexa Ciliophora Euglenozoa

5. Figure 12.16b Archaezoa No mitochondria Multiple flagella Giardia lamblia Trichomonas vaginalis (no cyst stage)

6. Figure 12.16c, d Archaezoa

7. Microspora No mitochondria Nonmotile Intracellular parasites Nosema (honey bee)

8. Figure 12.17a Amoebozoa Move by pseudopods Entamoeba (mammalians) Acanthamoeba

9. Apicomplexa Nonmotile Intracellular parasites Complex life cycles Plasmodium (malaria)malaria Babesia (hemolytic disease known as Babesiosis) Babesiosis Cryptosporidium Cyclospora

10. 2 3 6 7 8 Figure 12.18 The Life Cycle of Plasmodium vivax

11. Figure 12.19 Ciliates Move by cilia Complex cells Balantidium coli is the only human parasite

12. Figure 12.20 Euglenozoa Move by flagella Euglenoids (freshwater) – Photoautotrophs

13. Figure 23.22 Euglenozoa Move by flagella Hemoflagellates – Trypanosoma spp. Sleeping sickness Chagas’ disease

14. Slime Molds Slime mold or mould is a broad term describing protists that use spores to reproduce. Slime molds were formerly classified as fungi, but are no longer considered part of this kingdom Their common name refers to part of some of these organisms' life cycles where they can appear as gelatinous "slime". This is mostly seen with the myxomycets, which are the only macroscopic slime molds.myxomycets

15. Figure 12.21 The Life Cycle of a Cellular Slime Mold

16. Figure 12.22 The Life Cycle of a Plasmodial Slime Mold

17. KingdomAnimalia Nutritional TypeChemoheterotroph MulticellularityAll Cellular ArrangementTissues and organs Food Acquisition MethodIngestive; absorptive Characteristic FeaturesElaborate life cycles Embryo FormationAll Helminths

18. Helminths (Parasitic Worms) Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Class: Trematodes (flukes) Class: Cestodes (tapeworms) – Phylum: Nematoda (roundworms)

19. Characteristics of Helminths Reduced digestive system Reduced nervous system Reduced locomotion Complex reproduction

20. Life Cycle of Helminths Monoecious (hermaphroditic) – Male and female reproductive systems in one animal Dioecious – Separate male and female Egg  larva(e)  adult

21. Figure 12.24 Trematodes, or Flukes

22. Figure 12.25 The Life Cycle of Trematodes

23. Figure 12.26 Cestodes, or Tapeworms

24. Human as Definitive HostTaenia saginataCysticerci in beef muscle Intermediate Host Echinococcus granulosus Adult in dog

25. Figure 12.29 The Heartworm Dirofilaria immitis

26. Figure 12.28 Eggs Infective for Humans